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Hallucino edited this page May 12, 2017 · 23 revisions

Welcome to the PX8 wiki!

Introduction

It is fairly easy to create a simple game with PX8.

You could create directly a P8 empty file with at least the section code (python or lua), with the 3 functions that will be called by the engine.

  • _init : Called once on startup, mainly to initialize your variables
  • _update: Called once per visible frame, mainly to get keyboard input for example
  • _draw: Called once per visible frame, mainly to draw things on the screen :)

With Python:

px8 / python cartridge
version 1
__python__

def _init():
  pass

def _update():
  pass

def _draw():
  cls()
  px8_print("Hello World", 40, 64, 1)

With Lua:

function _init()
end

function _update()
end

function _draw()
  cls()
  print("Hello World", 40, 64, 1)
end

With Rust:

extern crate px8;
extern crate sdl2;
extern crate time;
extern crate rand;
#[macro_use]
extern crate log;
extern crate fern;

use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

use px8::px8::math;
use px8::frontend;
use px8::gfx;
use px8::cartridge;
use px8::px8::{RustPlugin};
use px8::config::Players;

pub struct HelloWorld {
    pub sprite_filename: String,
    pub t: i32,
}

impl HelloWorld {
    pub fn new(sprite_filename: String) -> HelloWorld {
        HelloWorld {
            sprite_filename: sprite_filename,
            t: 0,
        }
    }
}

impl RustPlugin for HelloWorld {
    fn init(&mut self, screen: Arc<Mutex<gfx::Screen>>) -> f64 {
        match cartridge::Cartridge::parse(self.sprite_filename.clone(), false) {
            Ok(c) => screen.lock().unwrap().set_sprites(c.gfx.sprites),
            Err(e) => panic!("Impossible to load the assets {:?}", e),
        }

        return 0.;
    }

    fn update(&mut self, _players: Arc<Mutex<Players>>) -> f64 {
        debug!("HelloWorld update");

        self.t += 1;

        return 0.;
    }

    fn draw(&mut self, screen: Arc<Mutex<gfx::Screen>>) -> f64 {
        debug!("HelloWorld draw");

        screen.lock().unwrap().cls();
        screen.lock().unwrap().print("Hello World".to_string(), 40, 64, 1);

        return 0.;
    }
}


fn main() {
    let logger_config = fern::DispatchConfig {
        format: Box::new(|msg: &str, level: &log::LogLevel, _location: &log::LogLocation| {
            format!("[{}][{}] {}", time::now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d][%H:%M:%S").unwrap(), level, msg)
        }),
        output: vec![fern::OutputConfig::stdout(), fern::OutputConfig::file("output.log")],
        level: log::LogLevelFilter::Trace,
    };

    if let Err(e) = fern::init_global_logger(logger_config, log::LogLevelFilter::Info) {
        panic!("Failed to initialize global logger: {}", e);
    }


    let helloworld_example = HelloWorld::new("./examples/helloworld/helloworld.dpx8".to_string());

    let mut frontend = match frontend::Frontend::init(px8::gfx::Scale::Scale4x, false, true) {
        Err(error) => panic!("{:?}", error),
        Ok(frontend) => frontend
    };

    frontend.px8.register(helloworld_example);
    frontend.start("./sys/config/gamecontrollerdb.txt".to_string());
    frontend.run_native_cartridge();
}

You can test it with:

./px8 -s 4 examples/helloworld/helloworld.p8

And normally you will be able to see:

In this piece of code we used the function print (to display a message) and cls (to clear the screen)

Draw me a rectangle

In order to draw a simple rectangle on the screen, we will use the rect function, by providing the top left and bottom right coordinates. Let's add that in the draw function:

def _draw():
    px8_print("Hello World", 40, 64, 1)
    rect(30, 50, 90, 80, 7)

The last parameter is the color value, by default from 0 to 15 (you could add more colors, let's see that later), from the following palettes. By default we are using the pico8 palette, so 7 is for 'white':

Draw me a sprite

A sprite in PX8 is a 8x8 pixels data located in the sprite section. To draw a sprite you need to add the sprite section in your file. Let's add one:

__gfx__
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00000000077007700777777007700000077000000777777000000000770007700777777007777770077000000777700000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000077007700770000007700000077000000770077000000000770007700770077007700770077000000770077000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000077007700770000007700000077000000770077000000000770707700770077007700770077000000770077000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000077777700777700007700000077000000770077000000000777777700770077007777000077000000770077000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000077007700770000007700000077000000770077000000000777077700770077007700770077000000770077000000000000000000000000000000000
00000000077007700777777007777770077777700777777000000000770007700777777007700770077777700777777000000000000000000000000000000000
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You could directly modify each value in your file, or use the editor:

./px8 -s 4 -e ./examples/helloworld/helloworld.p8

So let's add simple sprites in the first entries:

and save it with F5.

You will notice that it is not super easy to save the data and the code in the same file, and slow down your workflow. So we could split our example in a PX8 file that will contains references to the code and data:

{
    "code": "./demos/helloworld/helloworld.py",
    "data": "./demos/helloworld/helloworld.dpx8"
}

where 'helloworld.py' will contain:

def _init():
    pass

def _update():
    pass

def _draw():
    px8_print("Hello World", 40, 64, 1)
    rect(30, 50, 90, 80, 7)

and 'helloworld.dpx8':

__gfx__
...
...
...

Let's display this sprite with spr at the location 20, 20:

spr(0, 20, 20)

You could display this sprite as much as you want, everywhere:

    for i in range(0, 124, 8):
        spr(0, i, 20)

And of course, you could flip horizontally or vertically the sprite by using the latest arguments:

    for i in range(0, 124, 8):
        spr(0, i, 29, flip_x=True)

    for i in range(0, 124, 8):
        spr(0, i, 38, flip_y=True)


    for i in range(0, 124, 8):
        spr(0, i, 47, flip_x=True, flip_y=True)

Hello World

Let's took our first example and edit it a little bit to change some sprites.

Space Shooter

You could find the original tutorial here.

I converted everything to the Python support and I added new chapters.

Draw ship on screen

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

ship = None

def _init():
    global ship
    ship = Ship(x=60,y=60)

def _update():
    pass

def _draw():
    cls()
    spr(1,ship.x,ship.y)

Animate propulsion

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, sp):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sp = sp

T=0
ship = None

def _init():
 global ship
 ship = Ship(sp=1,x=60,y=60)


def _update():
 global T, ship

 T=T+1
 if(T%6<3):
  ship.sp=1
 else:
  ship.sp=2


def _draw():
 global ship
 cls()
 spr(ship.sp,ship.x,ship.y)

Basic ship movement

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, sp):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sp = sp

T=0
ship = None

def _init():
    global ship
    ship = Ship(sp=1,x=60,y=60)


def _update():
    global T, ship

    T=T+1
    if(T%6<3):
        ship.sp=1
    else:
        ship.sp=2

    if btn(0):
        ship.x-=1
    if btn(1):
        ship.x+=1
    if btn(2):
        ship.y-=1
    if btn(3):
        ship.y+=1

def _draw():
    global ship
    cls()
    spr(ship.sp,ship.x,ship.y)

Fire laser bullets

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, sp):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sp = sp

class Bullet(object):
    def __init__(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.sp = sp
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.dx = dx
        self.dy = dy

    def update(self):
        self.x+=self.dx
        self.y+=self.dy

    def draw(self):
        spr(self.sp, self.x, self.y)


class Bullets(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.bullets = []

    def add(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.bullets.append(Bullet(sp, x, y, dx, dy))

    def update(self):
        for b in self.bullets:
            b.update()

    def draw(self):
        for b in self.bullets:
            b.draw()

T=0
ship = None
B = Bullets()

def _init():
    global ship
    ship = Ship(sp=1,x=60,y=60)

def fire():
    global ship, B
    B.add(3, ship.x, ship.y, 0, -3)

def _update():
    global T, ship, B

    T=T+1

    B.update()

    if(T%6<3):
        ship.sp=1
    else:
        ship.sp=2

    if btn(0):
        ship.x-=1
    if btn(1):
        ship.x+=1
    if btn(2):
        ship.y-=1
    if btn(3):
        ship.y+=1
    if btnp(4):
        fire()

def _draw():
    global ship, B

    cls()
    spr(ship.sp,ship.x,ship.y)
    B.draw()

Remove bullets, if they leave screen

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, sp):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sp = sp

class Bullet(object):
    def __init__(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.sp = sp
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.dx = dx
        self.dy = dy

    def update(self):
        self.x+=self.dx
        self.y+=self.dy

    def draw(self):
        spr(self.sp, self.x, self.y)


class Bullets(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.bullets = []

    def add(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.bullets.append(Bullet(sp, x, y, dx, dy))

    def update(self):
        to_del = []
        for k, b in enumerate(self.bullets):
            b.update()
            if b.x < 0 or b.x > 128 or b.y < 0 or b.y > 128:
               to_del.append(b)

        # delete bullets outside the screen
        for remove_element in to_del:
            self.bullets.pop(self.bullets.index(remove_element))

    def draw(self):
        for b in self.bullets:
            b.draw()

T=0
ship = None
B = Bullets()

def _init():
    global ship
    ship = Ship(sp=1,x=60,y=60)

def fire():
    global ship, B
    B.add(3, ship.x, ship.y, 0, -3)

def _update():
    global T, ship, B

    T=T+1

    B.update()

    if(T%6<3):
        ship.sp=1
    else:
        ship.sp=2

    if btn(0):
        ship.x-=1
    if btn(1):
        ship.x+=1
    if btn(2):
        ship.y-=1
    if btn(3):
        ship.y+=1
    if btnp(4):
        fire()

def _draw():
    global ship, B

    cls()
    px8_print(str(len(B.bullets)), 0, 0, 9)

    spr(ship.sp,ship.x,ship.y)
    B.draw()

Draw enemies

Source

class Ship(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, sp):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sp = sp

class Bullet(object):
    def __init__(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.sp = sp
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.dx = dx
        self.dy = dy

    def update(self):
        self.x+=self.dx
        self.y+=self.dy

    def draw(self):
        spr(self.sp, self.x, self.y)


class Bullets(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.bullets = []

    def add(self, sp, x, y, dx, dy):
        self.bullets.append(Bullet(sp, x, y, dx, dy))

    def update(self):
        to_del = []
        for k, b in enumerate(self.bullets):
            b.update()
            if b.x < 0 or b.x > 128 or b.y < 0 or b.y > 128:
               to_del.append(b)

        # delete bullets outside the screen
        for remove_element in to_del:
            self.bullets.pop(self.bullets.index(remove_element))

    def draw(self):
        for b in self.bullets:
            b.draw()

class Enemy(object):
    def __init__(self, sp, x, y):
        self.sp = sp
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def draw(self):
        spr(self.sp, self.x, self.y)


class Enemies(object):
    def __init__(self, nb):
        self.enemies = []
        for i in range(0, nb):
            self.enemies.append(Enemy(sp=17, x=i*16, y=60-i*8))

    def draw(self):
        for e in self.enemies:
            e.draw()


T=0
ship = None
B = Bullets()
E = Enemies(10)

def _init():
    global ship
    ship = Ship(sp=1,x=60,y=60)

def fire():
    global ship, B
    B.add(3, ship.x, ship.y, 0, -3)

def _update():
    global T, ship, B

    T=T+1

    B.update()

    if(T%6<3):
        ship.sp=1
    else:
        ship.sp=2

    if btn(0):
        ship.x-=1
    if btn(1):
        ship.x+=1
    if btn(2):
        ship.y-=1
    if btn(3):
        ship.y+=1
    if btnp(4):
        fire()

def _draw():
    global ship, B, E

    cls()
    px8_print(str(len(B.bullets)), 0, 0, 9)

    spr(ship.sp,ship.x,ship.y)
    B.draw()
    E.draw()

Move enemies

Points and health

Collision 1: Clean up and preparation

Collision 2: Define boxes

Collision 3: Collide boxes

Change states

Health, game over, immortality

Explosions

Stars

Enemy movement and respawn

Huge MAP

Dynamically MAP generation

Use a physical engine

It is simple with Python support to use for example the Pymunk physical engine.

Please check the example in the demos directory.

Clone this wiki locally