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bottom-up-attention.pytorch

This repository contains a PyTorch reimplementation of the bottom-up-attention project based on Caffe.

We use Detectron2 as the backend to provide completed functions including training, testing and feature extraction. Furthermore, we migrate the pre-trained Caffe-based model from the original repository which can extract the same visual features as the original model (with deviation < 0.01).

Some example object and attribute predictions for salient image regions are illustrated below. The script to obtain the following visualizations can be found here

example-image

Table of Contents

  1. Prerequisites
  2. Training
  3. Testing
  4. Feature Extraction
  5. Pre-trained models

Prerequisites

Requirements

Note that most of the requirements above are needed for Detectron2.

Installation

  1. Clone the project including the required version (v0.2.1) of Detectron2. Note that if you use another version, some strange problems may occur.

    # clone the repository inclduing Detectron2(@be792b9) 
$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/MILVLG/bottom-up-attention.pytorch

  2. Install Detectron2

    $ cd detectron2
$ pip install -e .
$ cd ..

    We recommend using Detectron2 v0.2.1 (@be792b9) as backend for this project, which has been cloned in step 1. We believe a newer Detectron2 version is also compatible with this project unless their interface has been changed (we have tested v0.3 with PyTorch 1.5).

  3. Compile the rest tools using the following script:

    # install apex
$ git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/apex.git
$ cd apex
$ python setup.py install
$ cd ..
# install the rest modules
$ python setup.py build develop
$ pip install ray

Setup

If you want to train or test the model, you need to download the images and annotation files of the Visual Genome (VG) dataset. If you only need to extract visual features using the pre-trained model, you can skip this part.

The original VG images (part1 and part2) are to be downloaded and unzipped to one folder and put it into the datasets folder.

The generated annotation files in the original repository are needed to be transformed to a COCO data format required by Detectron2. The preprocessed annotation files can be downloaded here and unzipped to the dataset folder.

Finally, the datasets folders will have the following structure:

|-- datasets
   |-- visual_genome
   |  |-- images
   |  |  |  |-- 1.jpg
   |  |  |  |-- 2.jpg
   |  |  |  |-- ...
   |  |  |  |-- ...
   |  |-- annotations
   |  |  |-- visual_genome_train.json
   |  |  |-- visual_genome_test.json
   |  |  |-- visual_genome_val.json

Training

The following script will train a bottom-up-attention model on the train split of VG.

$ python3 train_net.py --mode d2 \
         --config-file configs/d2/train-d2-r101.yaml \
         --resume

  1. mode = 'd2' refers to training a model with the Detectron2 backend, which is inspired by the grid-feats-vqa. We think it is unnecessary to train a new model using the caffe mode. The pre-trained Caffe models are provided for testing and feature extraction.

  2. config-file refers to all the configurations of the model.

  3. resume refers to a flag if you want to resume training from a specific checkpoint.

Testing

Given the trained model, the following script will test the performance on the val split of VG:

$ python3 train_net.py --mode caffe \
         --config-file configs/caffe/test-caffe-r101.yaml \
         --eval-only

  1. mode = {'caffe', 'd2'} refers to the used mode. For the converted model from Caffe, you need to use the caffe mode. For other models trained with Detectron2, you need to use the d2 mode.

  2. config-file refers to all the configurations of the model, which also include the path of the model weights.

  3. eval-only refers to a flag to declare the testing phase.

Feature Extraction

Given the trained model, the following script will extract the bottom-up-attention visual features. Single GPU and multiple GPUs are both supported.

$ python3 extract_features.py --mode caffe \
         --num-cpus 32 --gpus '0,1,2,3' \
         --extract-mode roi_feats \
         --min-max-boxes '10,100' \
         --config-file configs/caffe/test-caffe-r101.yaml \
         --image-dir <image_dir> --bbox-dir <out_dir> --out-dir <out_dir>
         --fastmode

  1. mode = {'caffe', 'd2'} refers to the used mode. For the converted model from Caffe, you need to use the caffe mode. For other models trained with Detectron2, you need to use the detectron2 mode. 'caffe' is the default value. Note that the detecron2 mode need to run with Ray.

  2. num-cpus refers to the number of cpu cores to use for accelerating the cpu computation. 0 stands for using all possible cpus and 1 is the default value.

  3. gpus refers to the ids of gpus to use. '0' is the default value. If the number of gpus greater than 1, for example '0,1,2,3', the script will use the Ray library for parallelization.

  4. config-file refers to all the configurations of the model, which also include the path of the model weights.

  5. extract-mode refers to the modes for feature extraction, including {roi_feats, bboxes and bbox_feats}.

  6. min-max-boxes refers to the min-and-max number of features (boxes) to be extracted. Note that mode d2 only support to set the min-and-max number as '100,100' to get 100 boxes per image or other values to get about 50~60 boxes per image.

  7. image-dir refers to the input image directory.

  8. bbox-dir refers to the pre-proposed bbox directory. Only be used if the extract-mode is set to 'bbox_feats'.

  9. out-dir refers to the output feature directory.

  10. fastmode refers to use the a faster version (about 2x faster on a workstation with 4 Titan-V GPUs and 32 CPU cores), at the expense of a potential memory leakage problem if the computing capability of GPUs and CPUs is mismatched. More details and some matched examples in here.

Using the same pre-trained model, we also provide an alternative two-stage strategy for extracting visual features. This results in (slightly) more accurate bounding boxes and visual features, at the expense of more time overhead:

# extract bboxes only:
$ python3 extract_features.py --mode caffe \
         --num-cpus 32 --gpu '0,1,2,3' \
         --extract-mode bboxes \
         --config-file configs/caffe/test-caffe-r101.yaml \
         --image-dir <image_dir> --out-dir <out_dir>  --resume 

# extract visual features with the pre-extracted bboxes:
$ python3 extract_features.py --mode caffe \
         --num-cpus 32 --gpu '0,1,2,3' \
         --extract-mode bbox_feats \
         --config-file configs/caffe/test-caffe-r101.yaml \
         --image-dir <image_dir> --bbox-dir <bbox_dir> --out-dir <out_dir>  --resume

Pre-trained models

We provided pre-trained models as follows, including the models trained in both the caffe and d2 mode.

For the models of the caffe mode, R101-k36 and R101-k10-100 refer to the fix36 model and dynamic 10-100 model provided in the original bottom-up-attention repository. We additionally provide a R-152 model which outperforms the two counterparts above.

For the models of the d2 mode, we follow the configurations and implementations in the grid-feats-vqa and trained three models using the training script in this repository, namely R50, R101 and X152.

name mode objects mAP@0.5 weighted objects mAP@0.5 download
R101-k36 caffe 9.3 14.0 model
R101-k10-100 caffe 10.2 15.1 model
R152 caffe 11.1 15.7 model
R50 d2 8.2 14.9 model
R101 d2 9.2 15.9 model
X152 d2 10.7 17.7 model

License

This project is released under the Apache 2.0 license.

Contact

This repository is currently maintained by Zhou Yu (@yuzcccc), Tongan Luo (@Zoroaster97), and Jing Li (@J1mL3e_).

Citation

If this repository is helpful for your research or you want to refer the provided pretrained models, you could cite the work using the following BibTeX entry:

@misc{yu2020buapt,
  author = {Yu, Zhou and Li, Jing and Luo, Tongan and Yu, Jun},
  title = {A PyTorch Implementation of Bottom-Up-Attention},
  howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/MILVLG/bottom-up-attention.pytorch}},
  year = {2020}
}