clojure + sql + hikaricp connection pool + datomic inspired queries
Add this to your deps.edn
coast-framework/lighthouse {:mvn/version "1.2.1"}You'll also need a jdbc driver for your db of choice:
org.xerial/sqlite-jdbc {:mvn/version "3.25.2"} ; sqlite
; or
org.postgresql/postgresql {:mvn/version "42.2.1"} ; postgresGet sql superpowers by adding it to your project like this
(ns your-project
(:require [lighthouse.core :as db]))Connect to your db like this:
(def conn (db/connect "jdbc:sqlite:todos.db"))
; or
(def conn (db/connect "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/todos"))Change your db schema like this
(def todos-users [{:db/col :person/name :db/type "text" :db/unique? true}
{:db/rel :person/todos :db/type :many :db/ref :todo/person}
{:db/rel :todo/person :db/type :one :db/ref :person/id}
{:db/col :todo/name :db/type "text"}
{:db/col :todo/done :db/type "boolean" :db/default false :db/nil? false}])
(db/migrate conn todos-users)You can run this over and over, lighthouse keeps track in a schema_migrations table in your db
If you change the name of the def like todos-users -> todos-users-1 then this will not be treated like a new migration if you change the contents of the def, then this will attempt to run a new migration. If you're unsure of what's about to happen, run this instead it will output the sql and do nothing to the database
(db/migrate conn todos-users {:dry-run? true})Made a mistake with a column name? No problem, rename columns like this
(def rename-done [{:db/id :todo/done :db/col :todo/finished}])
(db/migrate conn rename-done)If you're not using sqlite, you can alter columns quite a bit more with the same syntax,
reference the existing column with :db/id and then give it the properties you want to change
(def done->done-at [{:db/id :todo/done :db/col :todo/done-at :db/type "timestamptz" :db/nil? false}])
(db/migrate conn done->done-at)All tables are created from a vector of maps, so this
[{:db/col :person/nick :db/type "text" :db/unique? true :db/nil? false :db/default "''"}
{:db/col :todo/name :db/type "text"}]turns into this:
create table if not exists person (
id integer primary key,
updated_at timestamp,
created_at timestamp not null default current_timestamp
)
create table if not exists todo (
id integer primary key,
updated_at timestamp,
created_at timestamp not null default current_timestamp
)The namespaces of the :db/col value in this case :person/nick -> person and :todo/name -> todo are the table names. This happens for the distinct namespaces of every key in every migration.
Columns are the names of the :db/col values in the migration maps, so this:
[{:db/col :person/nick :db/type "text" :db/unique? true :db/nil? false :db/default "''"}
{:db/col :todo/name :db/type "text"}]Becomes this:
alter table person add column nick text not null default '';
create unique index idx_person_nick on table person (nick);
alter table todo add column name text;SQLite has several restrictions on what alter table can and can't do, namely, altering a table to add a column must have a default value when specifying not null, this will fail if you don't specify something. This can work on postgres under certain conditions.
Foreign keys are a little special and require two, yes that's right, two maps to function as keys in pull queries. For example:
[{:db/rel :person/todos :db/type :many :ref :todo/person}
{:db/rel :todo/person :db/type :one :ref :person/id}]Turns into one alter table statement with a references clause:
alter table todo add column person integer references person(id) on cascade delete;You can control the on cascade behavior with the optional :db/delete key.
You're essentially building a join clause and a way to list child rows ahead of time. The way it works is this:
[{:db/rel :person/todos :db/type :many :db/ref :todo/person}
{:db/rel :todo/person :db/type :one :db/ref :person/id}]The :db/rel key for :db/type :many (the first line) is just name, it doesn't have to be :person/todos, it could be anything that you want to reference in a pull query
(pull [{:person/todos [:todo/id]}]
[:person/id 1])So if you changed it to :people/todo-items or something, that is perfectly fine, the pull query would change to look like this:
(pull [{:people/todo-items [:todo/id]}]
[:person/id 1])and it would return results like this:
{:people/todo-items [{:todo/id 1} {:todo/id 2}]}The last key in the first line :db/ref is a "pointer" to the next line:
{:db/rel :todo/person :db/type :one :db/ref :person/id}This line is more "convention over configuration" (i.e. hardcoded), so the :db/rel key here is not just a name, it and the :db/ref key are used to build the join statement in pull requests, here's how they come together in a join, :todo/person is the foreign key column name, it becomes todo.person in the join statement, the :db/ref value :person/id becomes person.id in the join statement, for a join that looks like this:
from person
left outer join todo on todo.person = person.idThere's more info about pull in the queries section below, but that's pretty much everything you need to know to have a great pull experience!
Insert data into the database like this
; simple one row insert
(let [p (db/insert conn {:person/name "swlkr"})]
; insert multiple rows like this
; p is auto-resolved to (get p :person/id)
(db/insert conn [{:todo/name "write readme"
:todo/person p
:todo/done true}
{:todo/name "write tests 😅"
:todo/person p
:todo/done false}]})
; or just manually set the foreign key integer value
(db/insert conn [{:todo/name "write readme"
:todo/person 1
:todo/done true}
{:todo/name "write tests 😅"
:todo/person 1
:todo/done false}]}))Update data like this
(db/update conn {:todo/id 2 :todo/name "write tests 😅😅😅"})
; you can either perform an update after a select
(let [todos (db/q conn '[:select todo/id
:where [todo/done false]])] ; => [{:todo/id 2} {:todo/id 3}]
(db/update conn (map #(assoc % :todo/done true) todos)))
; or update from transact
(db/transact conn '[:update todo
:set [todo/done true]
:where [todo/id [2 3]]])Delete data like this
(db/delete conn {:todo/id 1})
; or multiple rows like this
(db/delete conn [{:todo/id 1} {:todo/id 2} {:todo/id 3}])
; there's always transact too
(db/transact conn '[:delete
:from todo
:where [todo/id [1 2 3]]]) ; this implicitly does an in queryQuery data like this
(db/q conn '[:select todo/name todo/done
:where [todo/done ?done]
[todo/name like ?name]
:order todo/created-at desc]
{:done true
:name "%write%"})
; => [{:todo/name "write readme" :todo/done true}]
; or like this
(db/q conn '[:select todo/name todo/done
:from todo
:where [todo/done true]])
; => [{:todo/name "write readme" :todo/done true}]
; if you don't want to specify every column, you don't have to
(db/q conn '[:select todo/*
:from todo
:where [todo/done false]])
; => [{:todo/id 1 :todo/name ... :todo/done false :todo/created-at ...}]
; joins are supported too
(db/q conn '[:select todo/* person/*
:joins person/todos])
; => [{:todo/id 1 :todo/name ... :person/id 1 :person/name "swlkr" ...}]
; you can also add a sql string in the where clause
(db/q conn '[:select todo/name todo/done
:where [todo/done ?done]
["todo.created_at > now()"]
:order todo/created-at desc]
{:done true})
; => [{:todo/name "write readme" :todo/done true}]Pull queries are special because they don't map to sql 1:1, they return your data hierarchically with the help of some left outer join json aggregation and clojure.walk after the fact. They work together with the schema migrations to make your life easier.
Given this migration:
(def todos-users [{:db/col :person/name :db/type "text" :db/unique? true :db/nil? false}
{:db/rel :person/todos :db/type :many :db/ref :todo/person}
{:db/rel :todo/person :db/type :one :db/ref :person/id}
{:db/col :todo/name :db/type "text"}
{:db/col :todo/done :db/type "boolean" :db/default false :db/nil? false}])
(db/migrate conn todos-users)You can run these queries
(db/q conn '[:pull [person/name {:person/todos [todo/name todo/done]}]
:from person
:where [todo/done ?todo/done]]
{:todo/done true})
; => [{:person/name "swlkr" :person/todos [{:todo/name "write readme" :todo/done true}]}]
; or like this
(db/pull conn '[person/name
{:person/todos [todo/name todo/done]}]
[:person/name "swlkr"]])
; => {:person/name "swlkr" :person/todos [{:todo/name "write readme" :todo/done true}]}
; or you can go the other way as well
(db/pull conn '[:todo/name
{:todo/person [person/name person/id]}]
[:todo/name 'like "%blog post"])Don't like all of this fancy schmancy pull and q stuff? That's ok, there's always defq.
Make a SQL file in resources
-- name: posts-with-comments
select
post.*,
c.comment_count
from
post
join
(
select
comment.post_id,
count(comment.id) as comment_count
from
comment
where
comment.post_id = :post_id
group by
comment.post_id
) c on c.post_id = post.idThen in a clojure file, reference that same sql file in defq
(ns your-project
(:require [lighthouse.core :refer [defq]]))
(defq conn posts-with-comments "posts.sql")
(posts-with-count {:post-id 1}) ; => [{:id 1 ... :comment-count 12}]or if you have a lot of queries in a single sql file call defq without the name argument
(defq conn "posts.sql")and defq will create functions for each bit of named sql in the current namespace.
If the fancy schmancy migrations aren't working for you either, there's always :db/up and :db/down:
(def plain-sql-migration [{:db/up "create table todo(id serial primary key, name text not null)" :db/down "drop table todo"}])You can mix and match with the edn migrations.