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K510 nncase Developer's Guide

Document version: V1.0.1

Published: 2022-05-10

Disclaimer The products, services or features you purchase shall be subject to the commercial contracts and terms of Beijing Canaan Jiesi Information Technology Co., Ltd. ("the Company", the same hereinafter), and all or part of the products, services or features described in this document may not be within the scope of your purchase or use. Except as otherwise agreed in the contract, the Company disclaims all representations or warranties, express or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness, marketing, specific purpose and non-aggression of any representations, information, or content of this document. Unless otherwise agreed, this document is provided as a guide for use only. Due to product version upgrades or other reasons, the contents of this document may be updated or modified from time to time without any notice.

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# preface **Document purpose** This document is a description document for the use of the nncase/K510 compiler, providing users with how to install nncase, how to call the compiler APIs to compile neural network models, and runtime APIs to write AI inference programs

Reader Objects

The main people to whom this document (this guide) applies:

  • Software developers
  • Technical support personnel

Terms and acronyms

term Explanation/full name
PTQ Post-training quantization, post-training quantization
MSE mean-square error, mean squared error

Revision history The revision history accumulates a description of each document update. The latest version of the document contains updates for all previous versions.

The version number Modified by Date of revision Revision Notes
V1.0.1 Publicity 2022-05-10 nncase_v1.6.1
V1.0.0 Zhang Yang/Zhang Jizhao/Yang Haoqi 2022-05-06 nncase_v1.6.0
V0.9.0 Publicity 2022-04-01 nncase_v1.5.0
V0.8.0 Zhang Yang/Zhang Jizhao 2022-03-03 nncase_v1.4.0
V0.7.0 Publicity 2022-01-28 nncase_v1.3.0
V0.6.0 Publicity 2021-12-31 nncase_v1.2.0
V0.5.0 Publicity 2021-12-03 nncase_v1.1.0
V0.4.0 Zhang Yang/Haoqi Yang/Zheng Qihang 2021-10-29 nncase_v1.0.0
V0.3.0 Zhang Yang / Yang Haoqi 2021-09-28 nncase_v1.0.0_rc1
V0.2.0 Zhang Yang / Yang Haoqi 2021-09-02 nncase_v1.0.0_beta2
V0.1.0 Zhang Yang / Yang Haoqi 2021-08-31 nncase_v1.0.0_beta1
**Contents**

[TOC]

1 Introduction to the development environment

1.1 Operating System

  • Ubuntu 18.04/20.04

1.2 Software Environment

The software environment requirements are shown in the following table:

serial number Software resources illustrate
1 Python Python 3.6/3.7/3.8/3.9/3.10
2 pip3 pip3 version > = 20.3
3 onnx The onnx version is 1.9.0
4 onnx-simplify The onnx-simplifier version is 0.3.6
5 onnxoptimizer The onnxoptimizer version is 0.2.6

1.3 Hardware Environment

The hardware environment requirements are shown in the following table:

serial number Hardware resources illustrate
1 K510 CRB
2 SD card and card reader

2 introduction to nncase

2.1 What is nncase

nncase is a neural network compiler designed for AI accelerators, and currently supports targets such as CPU/K210/K510

Features provided by nncase

  • Support multiple input and multiple output networks, support multi-branch structure
  • Static memory allocation, no heap memory required
  • Operator merging and optimization
  • Supports float and uint8/int8 quantization inference
  • Supports post-training quantization, using floating-point models and quantization calibration sets
  • Flat model with zero copy loading support

Neural network framework supported by nncase

  • tflite
  • onnx
  • caffe

2.2 Product Advantages

  • Simple end-to-end deployment

    Reduce the number of interactions with users. Deployment on KPUs can be accomplished by using and deploying the same tools and processes for the CPU and GPU models. There is no need to set complex parameters, lower the threshold of use, and accelerate the iteration cycle of AI algorithms.

  • Make full use of the existing AI ecosystem

    Attached to a framework widely used in the industry. On the one hand, it can improve its visibility and enjoy the dividends of a mature ecology. On the other hand, the development costs of small and medium-sized developers can be reduced, and the mature models and algorithms in the industry can be directly deployed.

  • Get the most out of your hardware

    The advantage of NPU is that the performance is higher than that of CPU and GPU, and the DL Compiler must be able to fully utilize the performance of the hardware. Compiler also needs to adaptively optimize performance for the new model structure, so a new automatic optimization technique needs to be explored in addition to manual optimization.

  • Scalability and maintainability

    Ability to support AI model deployments for K210, K510, and future chips. Some scalability needs to be provided at the architectural level. Adding a new Target is less expensive and allows you to reuse as many modules as possible. Accelerate the development of new products to achieve the technology accumulation of DL Compiler.

2.3 nncase architecture

nncase_arch.png

The nnncase software stack currently consists of two parts: compiler and runtime.

Compiler: Used to compile neural network models on a PC and eventually generate a kmodel file. It mainly includes importer, IR, Evaluator, Quantize, Transform optimization, Tiling, Partition, Schedule, Codegen and other modules.

  • Importer: Imports models from other neural network frameworks into nncase
  • IR: Middle representation, divided into importer-imported Neutral IR (device independent) and Nutral IR generated by lowering conversion Target IR (device dependent)
  • Evaluator: Evaluator provides interpretive execution of IR and is often used in scenarios such as Constant Folding/PTQ Calibration
  • Transform: For IR transformation and graph traversal optimization, etc
  • Quantize: Quantize after training, add quantization markers to the tensor to be quantized, call Evaluator for interpretation execution according to the input correction set, collect tensor data range, insert quantization/dequantization nodes, and finally optimize to eliminate unnecessary quantization/dequantization nodes, etc
  • Tiling: Limited by the lower memory capacity of the NPU, large chunks of computation need to be split. In addition, selecting the Tilling parameter when there is a large amount of data multiplexing in the calculation will have an impact on latency and bandwidth
  • Partition: Divide the graph by ModuleType, each subgraph after splitting will correspond to RuntimeModule, different types of RuntimeModule correspond to different Devices (cpu/K510)
  • Schedule: Generates a calculation order and allocates buffers based on the data dependencies in the optimized graph
  • Codegen: Call the codegen corresponding to ModuleType for each subgraph to generate RuntimeModule

Runtime: Integrated into the user app, it provides functions such as loading kmodel/ setting input data, KPU execution, and obtaining output data

3 Install nncase

The compiler part of the nncase toolchain includes nncase and K510 compiler, both of which need to install the corresponding wheel package.

  • The nncase wheel package wasreleased on nncase github, supporting Python 3.6/3.7/3.8/3.9/3.10, users can choose the corresponding version to download according to the operating system and Python
  • The K510 compiler wheel package is in the x86_64 directory of the nncase SDK, does not depend on the Python version, and can be installed directly

If you do not have an Ubuntu environment, you can usenncase docker(Ubuntu 20.04 + Python 3.8).

cd /path/to/nncase_sdk
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kendryte/nncase:latest
docker run -it --rm -v `pwd`:/mnt -w /mnt registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kendryte/nncase:latest /bin/bash -c "/bin/bash"

The following takes Ubuntu 20.04 + Python 3.8 installation of nncase as an example

wget -P x86_64 https://github.com/kendryte/nncase/releases/download/v1.6.0/nncase-1.6.0.20220505-cp38-cp38-manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl
pip3 install x86_64/*.whl

4 Compilation/inference model

nncase providesPython APIfor compiling/inferring deep learning models on a PC

4.1 Supported operators

4.1.1 tflite operator

Operator Is Supported
ABS ✅
ADD ✅
ARG_MAX ✅
ARG_MIN ✅
AVERAGE_POOL_2D ✅
BATCH_MATMUL ✅
CAST ✅
CEIL ✅
CONCATENATION ✅
CONV_2D ✅
BODY ✅
CUSTOM ✅
DEPTHWISE_CONV_2D ✅
DIV ✅
EQUAL ✅
EXP ✅
EXPAND_DIMS ✅
FLOOR ✅
FLOOR_DIV ✅
FLOOR_MOD ✅
FULLY_CONNECTED ✅
GREATER ✅
GREATER_EQUAL ✅
L2_NORMALIZATION ✅
LEAKY_RELU ✅
LESS ✅
LESS_EQUAL ✅
LOG ✅
LOGISTIC ✅
MAX_POOL_2D ✅
MAXIMUM ✅
MEAN ✅
MINIMUM ✅
I ✅
NEG ✅
NOT_EQUAL ✅
PAD ✅
PADV2 ✅
MIRROR_PAD ✅
PACK ✅
POW ✅
REDUCE_MAX ✅
REDUCE_MIN ✅
REDUCE_PROD ✅
RELU ✅
PRELU ✅
RELU6 ✅
RESHAPE ✅
RESIZE_BILINEAR ✅
RESIZE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR ✅
ROUND ✅
RSQRT ✅
SHAPE ✅
WITHOUT ✅
SLICE ✅
SOFTMAX ✅
SPACE_TO_BATCH_ND ✅
SQUEEZE ✅
BATCH_TO_SPACE_ND ✅
STRIDED_SLICE ✅
SQRT ✅
SQUARE ✅
SUB ✅
SUM ✅
FISHY ✅
TILE ✅
TRANSPOSE ✅
TRANSPOSE_CONV ✅
QUANTIZE ✅
FAKE_QUANT ✅
DEQUANTIZE ✅
GATHER ✅
GATHER_ND ✅
ONE_HOT ✅
SQUARED_DIFFERENCE ✅
LOG_SOFTMAX ✅
SPLIT ✅
HARD_SWISH ✅

4.1.2 onnx operator

Operator Is Supported
Abs ✅
Acos ✅
Acosh ✅
And ✅
ArgMax ✅
ArgMin ✅
Salty ✅
Asinh ✅
Add ✅
AveragePool ✅
BatchNormalization ✅
Cast ✅
Ceil ✅
To ✅
Clip ✅
Concat ✅
Constant ✅
ConstantOfShape ✅
Conv ✅
ConvTranspose ✅
Body ✅
Cosh ✅
CumSum ✅
DepthToSpace ✅
DequantizeLinear ✅
Div ✅
Dropout ✅
Life ✅
Exp ✅
Expand ✅
Equal ✅
Flatten ✅
Floor ✅
Gather ✅
GatherND ✅
Gemm ✅
GlobalAveragePool ✅
GlobalMaxPool ✅
Greater ✅
GreaterOrEqual ✅
Hardmax ✅
HardSigmoid ✅
HardSwish ✅
Identity ✅
InstanceNormalization ✅
LpNormalization ✅
LeakyRelu ✅
Less ✅
LessOrEqual ✅
Log ✅
LogSoftmax ✅
LRN ✅
LSTM ✅
MatMul ✅
MaxPool ✅
Max ✅
Min ✅
I ✅
Neg ✅
Not ✅
OneHot ✅
Pad ✅
Pow ✅
PRelu ✅
QuantizeLinear ✅
RandomNormal ✅
RandomNormalLike ✅
RandomUniform ✅
RandomUniformLike ✅
ReduceL1 ✅
ReduceL2 ✅
ReduceLogSum ✅
ReduceLogSumExp ✅
ReduceMax ✅
ReduceMean ✅
ReduceMin ✅
ReduceProd ✅
ReduceSum ✅
ReduceSumSquare ✅
Relu ✅
Reshape ✅
Resize ✅
ReverseSequence ✅
RoiAlign ✅
Round ✅
Village ✅
Shape ✅
Sign ✅
Without ✅
Birth ✅
Sigmoid ✅
Size ✅
Slice ✅
Softmax ✅
Softplus ✅
Softsign ✅
SpaceToDepth ✅
Split ✅
Sqrt ✅
Squeeze ✅
Sub ✅
Sum ✅
Fishy ✅
Tile ✅
TopK ✅
Transpose ✅
Trilu ✅
Upsample ✅
Unsqueeze ✅
Where ✅

4.1.3 caffe operator

Operator Is Supported
Input ✅
Concat ✅
Convolution ✅
Eltwise ✅
Trade-ins ✅
relu ✅
Reshape ✅
Slice ✅
Softmax ✅
Split ✅
ContinuationIndicator ✅
Pooling ✅
BatchNorm ✅
Scale ✅
Reverse ✅
LSTM ✅
InnerProduct ✅

4.2 Compile model APIs

At present, the compilation model API supports deep learning frameworks such as tflite/onnx/caffe.

4.2.1 CompileOptions

Feature description

CompileOptions class for configuring nncase compilation options

Class definition

py::class_<compile_options>(m, "CompileOptions")
    .def(py::init())
    .def_readwrite("target", &compile_options::target)
    .def_readwrite("quant_type", &compile_options::quant_type)
    .def_readwrite("w_quant_type", &compile_options::w_quant_type)
    .def_readwrite("use_mse_quant_w", &compile_options::use_mse_quant_w)
    .def_readwrite("split_w_to_act", &compile_options::split_w_to_act)
    .def_readwrite("preprocess", &compile_options::preprocess)
    .def_readwrite("swapRB", &compile_options::swapRB)
    .def_readwrite("mean", &compile_options::mean)
    .def_readwrite("std", &compile_options::std)
    .def_readwrite("input_range", &compile_options::input_range)
    .def_readwrite("output_range", &compile_options::output_range)
    .def_readwrite("input_shape", &compile_options::input_shape)
    .def_readwrite("letterbox_value", &compile_options::letterbox_value)
    .def_readwrite("input_type", &compile_options::input_type)
    .def_readwrite("output_type", &compile_options::output_type)
    .def_readwrite("input_layout", &compile_options::input_layout)
    .def_readwrite("output_layout", &compile_options::output_layout)
    .def_readwrite("model_layout", &compile_options::model_layout)
    .def_readwrite("is_fpga", &compile_options::is_fpga)
    .def_readwrite("dump_ir", &compile_options::dump_ir)
    .def_readwrite("dump_asm", &compile_options::dump_asm)
    .def_readwrite("dump_quant_error", &compile_options::dump_quant_error)
    .def_readwrite("dump_dir", &compile_options::dump_dir)
    .def_readwrite("benchmark_only", &compile_options::benchmark_only);

Each property is described below

Property name type Yes or no description
target string be Specify the compilation target, such as 'k210', 'k510'
quant_type string not Specify the data quantization type, such as 'uint8', 'int8'
w_quant_type string not Specify the weight quantization type, such as 'uint8', 'int8', default to 'uint8'
use_mse_quant_w bool not Specifies whether to use the mean-square error (MSE) algorithm to optimize the quantization parameters when quantizing weights
split_w_to_act bool not Specifies whether to balance partial weight data into active data
preprocess bool not Whether pre-processing is enabled or not, the default is False
swapRB bool not Whether to exchange RGB input data between the red and blue channels (RGB--> BGR or BGR->RGB), the default is False
mean list not Preprocessing normalizes the parameter mean, which defaults to[0, 0, 0]
Std list not Preprocessing normalizes the parameter variance, which defaults to [1, 1, 1]
input_range list not The range of floating-point numbers after dequantization of the input data, which defaults to[0, 1]
output_range list not The range of floating-point numbers before the fixed-point data is output, which defaults to blank
input_shape list not Specify the shape of the input data, the layout of the input_shape needs to be consistent with the input layout, and the input_shape of the input data is inconsistent with the input shape of the model, and the bitbox operation (resize/pad, etc.) will be performed.
letterbox_value float not Specifies the padding value of the pre-processing fetchbox
input_type string not Specifies the type of input data, defaulting to 'float32'
output_type string not Specifies the type of output data, such as 'float32', 'uint8' (only for specified quantization), defaults to 'float32'
input_layout string not Specify the layout of the input data, such as 'NCHW', 'NHWC'. If the input data layout is different from the model itself, nncase inserts transpose for conversion
output_layout string not Specify the output data for the layout, such as 'NCHW', 'NHWC'. If the output data layout is different from the model itself, nncase will insert transpose for conversion
model_layout string not Specify the layout of the model, which defaults to blank, and specifies when the tflite model layout is 'NCHW' and the Onnx and Caffe models are 'NHWC'
is_fpga bool not Specifies whether kmodel is used for FPGAs, which defaults to False
dump_ir bool not Specifies whether dump IR, defaults to False
dump_asm bool not Specifies whether the dump asm assembly file, which defaults to False
dump_quant_error bool not Specifies whether dump quantizes the model error before and after
dump_dir string not After specifying the dump_ir and other switches earlier, here you specify the directory of dump, which defaults to an empty string
benchmark_only bool not Specifies whether kmodel is used only for benchmark, which defaults to False
  1. Input range is the range of floating-point numbers, that is, if the input data type is uint8, then the input range is the range after dequantization to floating point (can not be 0 ~ 1), which can be freely specified.
  2. input_shape need to be specified according to the input_layout, [1，224，224，3]for example, if the input_layout is NCHW, the input_shape needs to be specified as[1,3,224,224]; input_layout is NHWC, the input_shape needs to be specified as[1,224,224,3];
  3. mean and std are parameters for normalize floating-point numbers, which the user is free to specify;
  4. When using the letterbox function, you need to limit the input size to 1.5MB, and the size of a single channel is within 0.75MB;

For example:

  1. The input data type is set to uint8, input_range set to[0,255], the role of dequantization is only to convert the type, convert the data of uint8 to float32, and the mean and std parameters can still be specified according to the data of 0~255
  2. The input data type is set to uint8, input_range set [0,1]to, the fixed-point number is dequantized to a [0,1]floating-point number in the range, and mean and std need to be specified according to the new floating-point number range.

The pre-processing process is as follows (the green nodes in the figure are optional):

preprocess.png

Code example

Instantiate CompileOptions, configure the values of each property

# compile_options
compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
compile_options.target = target
compile_options.input_type = 'float32'  # or 'uint8' 'int8'
compile_options.output_type = 'float32'  # or 'uint8' 'int8'. Only work in PTQ
compile_options.output_range = []  # Only work in PTQ and output type is not "float32"
compile_options.preprocess = True # if False, the args below will unworked
compile_options.swapRB = True
compile_options.input_shape = [1,224,224,3] # keep layout same as input layout
compile_options.input_layout = 'NHWC'
compile_options.output_layout = 'NHWC'
compile_options.model_layout = '' # Specific it when tflite model with "NCHW" layout and Onnx(Caffe) model with "NHWC" layout
compile_options.mean = [0,0,0]
compile_options.std = [1,1,1]
compile_options.input_range = [0,1]
compile_options.letterbox_value = 114. # pad what you want
compile_options.dump_ir = True
compile_options.dump_asm = True
compile_options.dump_dir = 'tmp'

4.2.2 ImportOptions

Feature description

ImportOptions class for configuring nncase import options

Class definition

py::class_<import_options>(m, "ImportOptions")
    .def(py::init())
    .def_readwrite("output_arrays", &import_options::output_arrays);

Each property is described below

Property name type Yes or no description
output_arrays string not Output name

Code example

Instantiate ImageOptions, configure the values of each property

# import_options
import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()
import_options.output_arrays = 'output' # Your output node name

4.2.3 PTQTensorOptions

Feature description

PTQTensorOptions class for configuring nncase PTQ options

Class definition

py::class_<ptq_tensor_options>(m, "PTQTensorOptions")
    .def(py::init())
    .def_readwrite("calibrate_method", &ptq_tensor_options::calibrate_method)
    .def_readwrite("samples_count", &ptq_tensor_options::samples_count)
    .def("set_tensor_data", [](ptq_tensor_options &o, py::bytes bytes) {
        uint8_t *buffer;
        py::ssize_t length;
        if (PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(bytes.ptr(), reinterpret_cast<char **>(&buffer), &length))
            throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid bytes");
        o.tensor_data.assign(buffer, buffer + length);
    });

Each property is described below

The field name type Yes or no description
calibrate_method string not Calibration method , supports 'no_clip', 'l2', 'kld_m0', 'kld_m1', 'kld_m2', 'cdf', default is 'no_clip'
samples_count int not The number of samples

set_tensor_data()

Feature description

Set the correction data

Interface definition

set_tensor_data(calib_data)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
calib_data byte[] be Correct the data

The return value

N/A

Code example

# ptq_options
ptq_options = nncase.PTQTensorOptions()
ptq_options.samples_count = cfg.generate_calibs.batch_size
ptq_options.set_tensor_data(np.asarray([sample['data'] for sample in self.calibs]).tobytes())

4.2.4 Compiler

Feature description

Compiler class for compiling neural network models

Class definition

py::class_<compiler>(m, "Compiler")
    .def(py::init(&compiler::create))
    .def("import_tflite", &compiler::import_tflite)
    .def("import_onnx", &compiler::import_onnx)
    .def("import_caffe", &compiler::import_caffe)
    .def("compile", &compiler::compile)
    .def("use_ptq", py::overload_cast<ptq_tensor_options>(&compiler::use_ptq))
    .def("gencode", [](compiler &c, std::ostream &stream) { c.gencode(stream); })
    .def("gencode_tobytes", [](compiler &c) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        c.gencode(ss);
        return py::bytes(ss.str());
    })
    .def("create_evaluator", [](compiler &c, uint32_t stage) {
        auto &graph = c.graph(stage);
        return std::make_unique<graph_evaluator>(c.target(), graph);
    });

Code example

compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

import_tflite()

Feature description

Import the tflite model

Interface definition

import_tflite(model_content, import_options)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
model_content byte[] be Read the model content
import_options ImportOptions be Import options

The return value

N/A

Code example

model_content = read_model_file(model)
compiler.import_tflite(model_content, import_options)

import_onnx()

Feature description

Import the onnx model

Interface definition

import_onnx(model_content, import_options)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
model_content byte[] be Read the model content
import_options ImportOptions be Import options

The return value

N/A

Code example

model_content = read_model_file(model)
compiler.import_onnx(model_content, import_options)

import_caffe()

Feature description

Import the caffe model

Users need to compile/install caffe on the local machine.

Interface definition

import_caffe(caffemodel, prototxt)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
caffemodel byte[] be Read the caffemodel content
prototxt byte[] be Read the prototxt content

The return value

N/A

Code example

# import
caffemodel = read_model_file('test.caffemodel')
prototxt = read_model_file('test.prototxt')
compiler.import_caffe(caffemodel, prototxt)

use_ptq()

Feature description

Set PTQ configuration options

Interface definition

use_ptq(ptq_options)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
ptq_options PTQTensorOptions be PTQ configuration options

The return value

N/A

Code example

compiler.use_ptq(ptq_options)

compile()

Feature description

Compile the neural network model

Interface definition

compile()

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

N/A

Code example

compiler.compile()

gencode_tobytes()

Feature description

Generates a stream of code bytes

Interface definition

gencode_tobytes()

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

bytes[]

Code example

kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
with open(os.path.join(infer_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
    f.write(kmodel)

4.3 Compile the model example

The following example uses the model and python compilation script

  • The model is located in the /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples/models/subdirectory
  • The python compilation script is located in the /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples/scripts subdirectory

4.3.1 Compile the float32 tflite model

  • Mobilenetv2_tflite_fp32_image.py script is as follows
import nncase
import os
import argparse

def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, help='target to run')
    parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, help='model file')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # compile_options
    dump_dir = 'tmp/mobilenetv2_tflite_fp32_image'
    compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
    compile_options.target = args.target
    compile_options.dump_ir = True
    compile_options.dump_asm = True
    compile_options.dump_dir = dump_dir

    # compiler
    compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

    # import_options
    import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()

    # import
    model_content = read_model_file(args.model)
    compiler.import_tflite(model_content, import_options)

    # compile
    compiler.compile()

    # kmodel
    kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
    with open(os.path.join(dump_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
        f.write(kmodel)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • Run the following command to compile the tflite model of mobiletv2, target k510
cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/mobilenetv2_tflite_fp32_image.py --target k510 --model models/mobilenet_v2_1.0_224.tflite

4.3.2 Compile the float32 onnx model

  • For onnx models, it is recommended to simplify usingONNX Simplifierbefore compiling with nncase
  • mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image.py script is as follows
import os
import onnxsim
import onnx
import nncase
import argparse

def parse_model_input_output(model_file):
    onnx_model = onnx.load(model_file)
    input_all = [node.name for node in onnx_model.graph.input]
    input_initializer = [node.name for node in onnx_model.graph.initializer]
    input_names = list(set(input_all) - set(input_initializer))
    input_tensors = [node for node in onnx_model.graph.input if node.name in input_names]

    # input
    inputs= []
    for _, e in enumerate(input_tensors):
        onnx_type = e.type.tensor_type
        input_dict = {}
        input_dict['name'] = e.name
        input_dict['dtype'] = onnx.mapping.TENSOR_TYPE_TO_NP_TYPE[onnx_type.elem_type]
        input_dict['shape'] = [(i.dim_value if i.dim_value != 0 else d) for i, d in zip(
            onnx_type.shape.dim, [1, 3, 224, 224])]
        inputs.append(input_dict)


    return onnx_model, inputs

def onnx_simplify(model_file, dump_dir):
    onnx_model, inputs = parse_model_input_output(model_file)
    onnx_model = onnx.shape_inference.infer_shapes(onnx_model)
    input_shapes = {}
    for input in inputs:
        input_shapes[input['name']] = input['shape']

    onnx_model, check = onnxsim.simplify(onnx_model, input_shapes=input_shapes)
    assert check, "Simplified ONNX model could not be validated"

    model_file = os.path.join(dump_dir, 'simplified.onnx')
    onnx.save_model(onnx_model, model_file)
    return model_file


def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, help='target to run')
    parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, help='model file')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    dump_dir = 'tmp/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image'
    if not os.path.exists(dump_dir):
        os.makedirs(dump_dir)

    # onnx simplify
    model_file = onnx_simplify(args.model, dump_dir)

    # compile_options
    compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
    compile_options.target = args.target
    compile_options.dump_ir = True
    compile_options.dump_asm = True
    compile_options.dump_dir = dump_dir

    # compiler
    compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

    # import_options
    import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()

    # import
    model_content = read_model_file(model_file)
    compiler.import_onnx(model_content, import_options)

    # compile
    compiler.compile()

    # kmodel
    kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
    with open(os.path.join(dump_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
        f.write(kmodel)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • Run the following command to compile the onnx model of mobiletv2, target k510
cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image.py --target k510 --model models/mobilenetv2-7.onnx

4.3.3 Compile the float32 caffe model

  • The caffe wheel package istaken fromkendryte caffe
  • conv2d_caffe_fp32.py script is as follows
import nncase
import os
import argparse

def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, help='target to run')
    parser.add_argument("--caffemodel", type=str, help='caffemodel file')
    parser.add_argument("--prototxt", type=str, help='prototxt file')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # compile_options
    dump_dir = 'tmp/conv2d_caffe_fp32'
    compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
    compile_options.target = args.target
    compile_options.dump_ir = True
    compile_options.dump_asm = True
    compile_options.dump_dir = dump_dir

    # compiler
    compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

    # import_options
    import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()

    # import
    caffemodel = read_model_file(args.caffemodel)
    prototxt = read_model_file(args.prototxt)
    compiler.import_caffe(caffemodel, prototxt)

    # compile
    compiler.compile()

    # kmodel
    kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
    with open(os.path.join(dump_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
        f.write(kmodel)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • Run the following command to compile the caffe model of conv2d, with the target k510
cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/conv2d_caffe_fp32.py --target k510 --caffemodel models/test.caffemodel --prototxt models/test.prototxt

4.3.4 Compile and add pre-process float32 onnx model

  • For onnx models, it is recommended to simplify usingONNX Simplifierbefore compiling with nncase
  • Mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_preprocess.py script is as follows
import os
import onnxsim
import onnx
import nncase
import argparse

def parse_model_input_output(model_file):
    onnx_model = onnx.load(model_file)
    input_all = [node.name for node in onnx_model.graph.input]
    input_initializer = [node.name for node in onnx_model.graph.initializer]
    input_names = list(set(input_all) - set(input_initializer))
    input_tensors = [node for node in onnx_model.graph.input if node.name in input_names]

    # input
    inputs= []
    for _, e in enumerate(input_tensors):
        onnx_type = e.type.tensor_type
        input_dict = {}
        input_dict['name'] = e.name
        input_dict['dtype'] = onnx.mapping.TENSOR_TYPE_TO_NP_TYPE[onnx_type.elem_type]
        input_dict['shape'] = [(i.dim_value if i.dim_value != 0 else d) for i, d in zip(
            onnx_type.shape.dim, [1, 3, 224, 224])]
        inputs.append(input_dict)


    return onnx_model, inputs

def onnx_simplify(model_file, dump_dir):
    onnx_model, inputs = parse_model_input_output(model_file)
    onnx_model = onnx.shape_inference.infer_shapes(onnx_model)
    input_shapes = {}
    for input in inputs:
        input_shapes[input['name']] = input['shape']

    onnx_model, check = onnxsim.simplify(onnx_model, input_shapes=input_shapes)
    assert check, "Simplified ONNX model could not be validated"

    model_file = os.path.join(dump_dir, 'simplified.onnx')
    onnx.save_model(onnx_model, model_file)
    return model_file


def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, help='target to run')
    parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, help='model file')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    dump_dir = 'tmp/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_preprocess'
    if not os.path.exists(dump_dir):
        os.makedirs(dump_dir)

    # onnx simplify
    model_file = onnx_simplify(args.model, dump_dir)

    # compile_options
    compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
    compile_options.target = args.target
    compile_options.input_type = 'uint8'
    compile_options.preprocess = True
    compile_options.swapRB = True
    compile_options.input_layout = 'NHWC'
    compile_options.output_layout = 'NCHW'
    compile_options.input_shape = [1, 256, 256, 3]
    compile_options.mean = [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
    compile_options.std = [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
    compile_options.input_range = [0, 1]
    compile_options.dump_ir = True
    compile_options.dump_asm = True
    compile_options.dump_dir = dump_dir

    # compiler
    compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

    # import_options
    import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()

    # import
    model_content = read_model_file(model_file)
    compiler.import_onnx(model_content, import_options)

    # compile
    compiler.compile()

    # kmodel
    kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
    with open(os.path.join(dump_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
        f.write(kmodel)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • Run the following command to compile the onnx model of mobiletv2 with the target k510
cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_preprocess.py --target k510 --model models/mobilenetv2-7.onnx

4.3.5 Compile the uint8 quantization tflite model

  • Mobilenetv2_tflite_uint8_image.py script is as follows
import nncase
import os
import argparse
import numpy as np

def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content

def generate_data(shape, batch):
    shape[0] *= batch
    data = np.random.rand(*shape).astype(np.float32)
    return data

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--target", type=str, help='target to run')
    parser.add_argument("--model", type=str, help='model file')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    input_shape = [1, 224, 224, 3]

    # compile_options
    dump_dir = 'tmp/mobilenetv2_tflite_uint8_image'
    compile_options = nncase.CompileOptions()
    compile_options.target = args.target
    compile_options.input_type = 'float32'
    compile_options.input_layout = 'NHWC'
    compile_options.output_layout = 'NHWC'
    compile_options.dump_ir = True
    compile_options.dump_asm = True
    compile_options.dump_dir = dump_dir

    # compiler
    compiler = nncase.Compiler(compile_options)

    # import_options
    import_options = nncase.ImportOptions()

    # quantize model
    compile_options.quant_type = 'uint8'

    # ptq_options
    ptq_options = nncase.PTQTensorOptions()
    ptq_options.samples_count = 10
    ptq_options.set_tensor_data(generate_data(input_shape, ptq_options.samples_count).tobytes())

    # import
    model_content = read_model_file(args.model)
    compiler.import_tflite(model_content, import_options)

    # compile
    compiler.use_ptq(ptq_options)
    compiler.compile()

    # kmodel
    kmodel = compiler.gencode_tobytes()
    with open(os.path.join(dump_dir, 'test.kmodel'), 'wb') as f:
        f.write(kmodel)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • Run the following command to compile the tflite model of uint8 quantized mobiletv2, target k510
cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/mobilenetv2_tflite_uint8_image.py --target k510 --model models/mobilenet_v2_1.0_224.tflite

4.4 Inference Model APIs

In addition to the APs of the compiled model, nncase also provides the APIs of the inference model, which can be inferred on the PC before the compilation of the kmodel, which is used to verify whether the nncase inference results and the runtime results of the corresponding deep learning framework are consistent.

4.4.1 MemoryRange

Feature description

The MemoryRange class, which is used to represent a range of memory

Class definition

py::class_<memory_range>(m, "MemoryRange")
    .def_readwrite("location", &memory_range::memory_location)
    .def_property(
        "dtype", [](const memory_range &range) { return to_dtype(range.datatype); },
        [](memory_range &range, py::object dtype) { range.datatype = from_dtype(py::dtype::from_args(dtype)); })
    .def_readwrite("start", &memory_range::start)
    .def_readwrite("size", &memory_range::size);

Each property is described below

Property name type Yes or no description
location int not Memory position, 0 for input, 1 for output, 2 for rdata, 3 for data, 4 for shared_data
dtype Python data type not data type
start int not Memory start address
size int not Memory size

Code example

Instantiate MemoryRange

mr = nncase.MemoryRange()

4.4.2 RuntimeTensor

Feature description

The RuntimeTensor class, which represents the runtime tensor

Class definition

py::class_<runtime_tensor>(m, "RuntimeTensor")
    .def_static("from_numpy", [](py::array arr) {
        auto src_buffer = arr.request();
        auto datatype = from_dtype(arr.dtype());
        auto tensor = host_runtime_tensor::create(
            datatype,
            to_rt_shape(src_buffer.shape),
            to_rt_strides(src_buffer.itemsize, src_buffer.strides),
            gsl::make_span(reinterpret_cast<gsl::byte *>(src_buffer.ptr), src_buffer.size * src_buffer.itemsize),
            [=](gsl::byte *) { arr.dec_ref(); })
                          .unwrap_or_throw();
        arr.inc_ref();
        return tensor;
    })
    .def("copy_to", [](runtime_tensor &from, runtime_tensor &to) {
        from.copy_to(to).unwrap_or_throw();
    })
    .def("to_numpy", [](runtime_tensor &tensor) {
        auto host = tensor.as_host().unwrap_or_throw();
        auto src_map = std::move(hrt::map(host, hrt::map_read).unwrap_or_throw());
        auto src_buffer = src_map.buffer();
        return py::array(
            to_dtype(tensor.datatype()),
            tensor.shape(),
            to_py_strides(runtime::get_bytes(tensor.datatype()), tensor.strides()),
            src_buffer.data());
    })
    .def_property_readonly("dtype", [](runtime_tensor &tensor) {
        return to_dtype(tensor.datatype());
    })
    .def_property_readonly("shape", [](runtime_tensor &tensor) {
        return to_py_shape(tensor.shape());
    });

Each property is described below

Property name type Yes or no description
dtype int not Tensor's data type
shape list not The shape of tensor

from_numpy()

Feature description

Construct the RuntimeTensor object from numpy.ndarray

Interface definition

from_numpy(py::array arr)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
arr numpy.ndarray be numpy.ndarray object

The return value

RuntimeTensor

Code example

tensor = nncase.RuntimeTensor.from_numpy(self.inputs[i]['data'])

copy_to()

Feature description

Copy Runtime Tensor

Interface definition

copy_to(RuntimeTensor to)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
to RuntimeTensor be RuntimeTensor object

The return value

N/A

Code example

sim.get_output_tensor(i).copy_to(to)

to_numpy()

Feature description

Convert RuntimeTensor to a numpy.ndarray object

Interface definition

to_numpy()

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

numpy.ndarray object

Code example

arr = sim.get_output_tensor(i).to_numpy()

4.4.3 Simulator

Feature description

Simulator class for inference kmodel on PC

Class definition

py::class_<interpreter>(m, "Simulator")
    .def(py::init())
    .def("load_model", [](interpreter &interp, gsl::span<const gsl::byte> buffer) { interp.load_model(buffer).unwrap_or_throw(); })
    .def_property_readonly("inputs_size", &interpreter::inputs_size)
    .def_property_readonly("outputs_size", &interpreter::outputs_size)
    .def("get_input_desc", &interpreter::input_desc)
    .def("get_output_desc", &interpreter::output_desc)
    .def("get_input_tensor", [](interpreter &interp, size_t index) { return interp.input_tensor(index).unwrap_or_throw(); })
    .def("set_input_tensor", [](interpreter &interp, size_t index, runtime_tensor tensor) { return interp.input_tensor(index, tensor).unwrap_or_throw(); })
    .def("get_output_tensor", [](interpreter &interp, size_t index) { return interp.output_tensor(index).unwrap_or_throw(); })
    .def("set_output_tensor", [](interpreter &interp, size_t index, runtime_tensor tensor) { return interp.output_tensor(index, tensor).unwrap_or_throw(); })
    .def("run", [](interpreter &interp) { interp.run().unwrap_or_throw(); });

Each property is described below

Property name type Yes or no description
inputs_size int not Enter the number of
outputs_size int not The number of outputs

Code example

Instantiate the Simulator

sim = nncase.Simulator()

load_model()

Feature description

Load the kmodel

Interface definition

load_model(model_content)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
model_content byte[] be Kmodel byte stream

The return value

N/A

Code example

sim.load_model(kmodel)

get_input_desc()

Feature description

Gets the description of the input for the specified index

Interface definition

get_input_desc(index)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be The index of the input

The return value

MemoryRange

Code example

input_desc_0 = sim.get_input_desc(0)

get_output_desc()

Feature description

Gets the description of the output of the specified index

Interface definition

get_output_desc(index)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be The index of the output

The return value

MemoryRange

Code example

output_desc_0 = sim.get_output_desc(0)

get_input_tensor()

Feature description

Gets the RuntimeTensor for the input for the specified index

Interface definition

get_input_tensor(index)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be Enter the index of the tensor

The return value

RuntimeTensor

Code example

input_tensor_0 = sim.get_input_tensor(0)

set_input_tensor()

Feature description

Sets the Runtime Tensor for the input of the specified index

Interface definition

set_input_tensor(index, tensor)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be Enter the index of RuntimeTensor
tensor RuntimeTensor be Enter RuntimeTensor

The return value

N/A

Code example

sim.set_input_tensor(0, nncase.RuntimeTensor.from_numpy(self.inputs[0]['data']))

get_output_tensor()

Feature description

Gets the Runtime Tensor for the output of the specified index

Interface definition

get_output_tensor(index)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be Outputs the index of the RuntimeTensor

The return value

RuntimeTensor

Code example

output_arr_0 = sim.get_output_tensor(0).to_numpy()

set_output_tensor()

Feature description

Sets the RuntimeTensor for the output of the specified index

Interface definition

set_output_tensor(index, tensor)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index int be Outputs the index of the RuntimeTensor
tensor RuntimeTensor be Output Runtime Tensor

The return value

N/A

Code example

sim.set_output_tensor(0, tensor)

run()

Feature description

Run kmodel inference

Interface definition

run()

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

N/A

Code example

sim.run()

4.5 Example of an inference model

**Prerequisite:**mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image.py script has been compiled with the mobiletv2-7.onnx model

mobilenetv2_onnx_simu.py is located in the /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples/scripts subdirectory, which reads as follows

import os
import copy
import argparse
import numpy as np
import onnxruntime as ort
import nncase

def read_model_file(model_file):
    with open(model_file, 'rb') as f:
        model_content = f.read()
    return model_content

def cosine(gt, pred):
    return (gt @ pred) / (np.linalg.norm(gt, 2) * np.linalg.norm(pred, 2))

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="nncase")
    parser.add_argument("--model_file", type=str, help='original model file')
    parser.add_argument("--kmodel_file", type=str, help='kmodel file')
    parser.add_argument("--input_file", type=str, help='input bin file for kmodel')
    args = parser.parse_args()

    # create simulator
    sim = nncase.Simulator()

    # read kmodel
    kmodel = read_model_file(args.kmodel_file)

    # load kmodel
    sim.load_model(kmodel)

    # read input.bin
    input_tensor=sim.get_input_tensor(0).to_numpy()
    input = np.fromfile(args.input_file, input_tensor.dtype).reshape(input_tensor.shape)

    # set input for simulator
    sim.set_input_tensor(0, nncase.RuntimeTensor.from_numpy(input))

    # simulator inference
    nncase_results = []
    sim.run()
    for i in range(sim.outputs_size):
        nncase_result = sim.get_output_tensor(i).to_numpy()
        nncase_results.append(copy.deepcopy(nncase_result))

    # cpu inference
    cpu_results = []
    ort_session = ort.InferenceSession(args.model_file)
    input_name = ort_session.get_inputs()[0].name
    output_name = ort_session.get_outputs()[0].name
    cpu_results = ort_session.run([output_name], { input_name : input })

    # compare
    for i in range(sim.outputs_size):
        cos = cosine(np.reshape(nncase_results[i], (-1)), np.reshape(cpu_results[i], (-1)))
        print('output {0} cosine similarity : {1}'.format(i, cos))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Execute the inference script

cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
python3 scripts/mobilenetv2_onnx_simu.py --model_file models/mobilenetv2-7.onnx --kmodel_file tmp/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image/test.kmodel --input_file mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image/data/input_0_0.bin

The comparison of nncase simulator and CPU inference results is as follows

... ...
output 0 cosine similarity : 0.9992437958717346

5 nncase runtime library

5.1 Introduction to the nncase Runtime

nncase runtime is used to load kmodel on AI devices/ set input data/ perform KPU calculations / obtain output data, etc.

Currently, only the C++ versionof APIs, related header files and static libraries are available in the nncase sdk/riscv64 directory

$ tree -L 3 riscv64/
riscv64/
├── include
│   ├── gsl
│   │   └── gsl-lite.hpp
│   ├── gsl-lite
│   │   └── gsl-lite.hpp
│   ├── mpark
│   │   ├── config.hpp
│   │   ├── in_place.hpp
│   │   ├── lib.hpp
│   │   └── variant.hpp
│   └── nncase
│       ├── functional
│       ├── kernels
│       ├── runtime
│       └── version.h
└── lib
    ├── cmake
    │   ├── nncasefunctional
    │   ├── nncase_rt_modules_k510
    │   └── nncaseruntime
    ├── libnncase.functional.a
    ├── libnncase.rt_modules.k510.a
    └── libnncase.runtime.a

13 directories, 10 files

5.2 Runtime APIs

5.2.1 class runtime_tensor

Tensor used to store model input/output data

hrt::create()

Feature description

Create a runtime_tensor

Interface definition

(1) NNCASE_API result<runtime_tensor> create(datatype_t datatype, runtime_shape_t shape, memory_pool_t pool = pool_cpu_only, uintptr_t physical_address = 0) noexcept;

(2) NNCASE_API result<runtime_tensor> create(datatype_t datatype, runtime_shape_t shape, gsl::span<gsl::byte> data, bool copy, memory_pool_t pool = pool_cpu_only, uintptr_t physical_address = 0) noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
datatype datatype_t be Data type, such as dt_float32
shape runtime_shape_t be The shape of tensor
data gsl::span<gsl::byte> be User-state data buffer
copy bool be Whether to copy
pool memory_pool_t not Memory pool type, default value is pool_cpu_only
physical_address uintptr_t not Physical address, default value is 0

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code example

// create input
auto in_shape = interp.input_shape(0);
auto input_tensor = host_runtime_tensor::create(dt_float32, in_shape,
                                                {(gsl::byte *)mat.data, mat.cols * mat.rows * mat.elemSize()},
                                                true, hrt::pool_shared).expect("cannot create input tensor");

5.2.2 class interpreter

Interpreter is a running instance of the nncase runtime, which provides core functional functions such as load_model()/run()/input_tensor()/output_tensor().

load_model()

Feature description

Load the kmodel model

Interface definition

 NNCASE_NODISCARD result<void> load_model(gsl::span<const gsl::byte> buffer) noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
buffer gsl::span <const gsl::byte> be kmodel buffer

The return value

result <void>

Code example

template <class T>
std::vector<T>read_binary_file(const char *file_name)
{
  std::ifstream ifs(file_name, std::ios::binary);
  ifs.seekg(0, ifs.end);
  size_t len = ifs.tellg();
  std::vector<T> vec(len / sizeof(T), 0);
  ifs.seekg(0, ifs.beg);
  ifs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(vec.data()), len);
  ifs.close();
  return vec;
}

interpreter interp;
auto model = read_binary_file<unsigned char>(kmodel);
interp.load_model({(const gsl::byte *)model.data(), model.size()}).expect("cannot load model.");

inputs_size()

Feature description

Gets the number of model inputs

Interface definition

size_t inputs_size() const noexcept;

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

size_t

Code example

auto inputs_size = interp.inputs_size();

outputs_size()

Feature description

Gets the number of model outputs

Interface definition

size_t outputs_size() const noexcept;

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

size_t

Code example

auto outputs_size = interp.outputs_size();

input_shape()

Feature description

Gets the shape of the model specified input

Interface definition

const runtime_shape_t &input_shape(size_t index) const noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index size_t be The index of the input

The return value

runtime_shape_t

Code example

auto in_shape = interp.input_shape(0);

output_shape()

Feature description

Gets the shape of the specified output of the model

Interface definition

const runtime_shape_t &output_shape(size_t index) const noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index size_t be The index of the output

The return value

runtime_shape_t

Code example

auto out_shape = interp.output_shape(0);

input_tensor()

Feature description

Gets/sets the input tensor for the specified index

Interface definition

(1) result<runtime_tensor> input_tensor(size_t index) noexcept;
(2) result<void> input_tensor(size_t index, runtime_tensor tensor) noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index size_t be kmodel buffer
tensor runtime_tensor be Enter the corresponding runtime tensor

The return value

(1) Returns the results<runtime_tensor>

(2) Returns the results <void>

Code example

// set input
interp.input_tensor(0, input_tensor).expect("cannot set input tensor");

output_tensor()

Feature description

Gets/sets the outbound tensor for the specified index

Interface definition

(1) result<runtime_tensor> output_tensor(size_t index) noexcept;
(2) result<void> output_tensor(size_t index, runtime_tensor tensor) noexcept;

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
index size_t be
tensor runtime_tensor be Enter the corresponding runtime tensor

The return value

(1) Returns the results<runtime_tensor>

(2) Returns the results <void>

Code example

// get output
auto output_tensor = interp.output_tensor(0).expect("cannot get output tensor");
auto mapped_buf = std::move(hrt::map(output_tensor, hrt::map_read).unwrap_or_throw());
float *output_data = reinterpret_cast<float *>(mapped_buf.buffer().data());
auto out_shape = interp.output_shape(0);
auto it = std::max_element(output_data, output_data + compute_size(out_shape));
size_t idx = it - output_data;
std::cout << "image classification result: " << labels[idx] << "(" << *it << ")" << std::endl;

run()

Feature description

Perform kPU calculations

Interface definition

result<void> run() noexcept;

Input parameters

N/A

The return value

result <void>

Code example

// run
interp.run().expect("error occurred in running model");

5.3 Runtime example

The sample code is located at /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image

Prefix Condition

  • mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image.py script has compiled the mobiletv2-7.onnx model
  • Since the example relies on the OpenCV library, you need to specify the path to OpenCV in the CMakeLists .txt of the sample.

Cross-compile apps

cd /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples
./build.sh

Finally, generate the mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image in the out/bin directory

The k510 EVB operates on the board

Copy the following files onto the k510 EVB board

file remark
mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image Cross-compile examples are generated
test.kmodel Use mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image.py compile the mobiletv2-7.onnx build
Cat .png and labels_1000.txt Located under the /path/to/nncase_sdk/examples/mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image/data/ subdirectory 
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/mnt/zhangyang/nncase_check/lib/gomp:/mnt/zhangyang/nncase_check/lib/opencv
$ ./mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image test.kmodel cat.png labels_1000.txt
case ./mobilenetv2_onnx_fp32_image build at Mar  1 2022 16:31:29
interp.run() duration: 12.6642 ms
image classification result: tiger cat(9.25)

6 Functional programming libraries (runtime support)

6.1 Introduction to Functional

nncase Functional is used to improve ease of use when users pre- and post-process models

Currently, only the C++ version of APIs is available, and the associated header files and libraries are in the riscv64 directory of the nncase sdk.

6.2 APIS

6.2.1 square

Feature description

Calculate the square, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point need to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >square(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code example

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto squared = F::square(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.2 sqrt

Feature description

Calculate the root number value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point needs to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >sqrt(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code example

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::sqrt(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.3 log

Feature description

Calculate the log value, the negative number of input will be converted to Nan, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point needs to set the quantization parameter.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >log(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code example

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::log(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.4 exp

Feature description

Calculate the exp value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point need to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >exp(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code example

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::exp(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.5 without

Feature description

To calculate the sin value, the input uint8/int8 is currently supported, and the output is also uint8/int8, note that the quantization parameters need to be set when the input is fixed-point and the output is floating-point.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >sin(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::sin(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.6 body

Feature description

Calculate the cos value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point needs to set the quantization parameter.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >cos(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::cos(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.7 round

Feature description

To calculate the round value, the input uint8/int8 is currently supported, and the output is also uint8/int8, note that the quantization parameter needs to be set when the input is fixed point and the output is floating point.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >round(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::round(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.8 floor

Feature description

Calculate the frost value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point need to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >floor(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::floor(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.9 ceil

Feature description

Calculate the ceil value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point need to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >ceil(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::ceil(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.10 abs

Feature description

Calculate the abs value, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point needs to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >abs(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::abs(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.11 neg

Feature description

Calculate the value of neg, currently support input uint8/int8, output is also uint8/int8, note that the input is fixed point and the output is floating point needs to set the quantization parameters.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >neg(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

if ((input_type == dt_uint8 or input_type == dt_int8) and (output_type == dt_float32 or output_type == dt_bfloat16))
{
    input.quant_param(xxx);
}
auto output = F::neg(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.12 quantize

Feature description

Input dt_bfloat16, dt_float32 data, output dt_int8, or dt_uint8 output

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >quantize(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be Input, type must be float32 or bfloat16
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

auto quantized = F::quantize(input, dt_int8).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.13 dequantize

Feature description

Enter uint8 or int8 input, convert to float or bfloat data. Note that the user must set the correct quantization parameters for the data in advance for dequantization.

Interface definition

public inline NNCASE_APIresult< runtime::runtime_tensor >dequantize(runtime::runtime_tensor & input,datatype_t dtype) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be input
dtype datatype_t be Output tensor datatype

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

input.quant_param({ 0, 1 });
auto dequantized = F::dequantize(input, output_type).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.14 crop

Feature description

Given bboxes, cropped from the original tensor and resize output into the new tensor. Accept dt_bfloat16, dt_float32, dt_int8, dt_uint8 type output, output of the same type.

Interface definition

NNCASE_API inline result<runtime::runtime_tensor> crop(runtime::runtime_tensor &input, runtime::runtime_tensor &bbox, size_t out_h, size_t out_w, image_resize_mode_t resize_mode, bool align_corners, bool half_pixel_centers) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be Enter the data, need to [n,c,h,w] format the layout, if the data is uint8 or int8 please ensure the correctness of the data quantization parameters
bbox runtime_tensor be Enter the bbox data, need to [1,1,m,4] format the layout, the internal data is[y0,x0,y1,x1], the type is[float32,bfloat16]
out_h size_t be Output data height
out_w size_t be Enter the data width
resize_mode image_resize_mode_t be Resize method pattern
align_corners bool be Resize whether align_corners
half_pixel_centers bool be Resize if the pixel is center aligned

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

auto bbox = get_rand_bbox(input_shape, roi_amount);
auto &&[out_h, out_w] = get_rand_out_hw();
auto output_opt = F::crop(input, bbox, out_h, out_w, resize_mode).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.15 resize

Feature description

Given the output height width, put the input tensor resize to the new size. Accept dt_bfloat16, dt_float32, dt_int8, dt_uint8 type output, output of the same type.

Interface definition

NNCASE_API inline result<runtime::runtime_tensor> resize(runtime::runtime_tensor &input, size_t out_h, size_t out_w, image_resize_mode_t resize_mode, bool align_corners, bool half_pixel_centers) noexcept

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be Enter the data, need to be [n,c,h,w] formatted, if the data is uint8 or int8 please ensure the correctness of the data quantization parameters
out_h size_t be Output data height
out_w size_t be Enter the data width
resize_mode image_resize_mode_t be Resize method pattern
align_corners bool be Resize whether align_corners
half_pixel_centers bool be Resize if the pixel is center aligned

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

auto &&[out_h, out_w] = get_rand_out_hw();
auto output_opt = F::resize(input, out_h, out_w, resize_mode, false, false).unwrap_or_throw();

6.2.16 pad

Feature description

Padding data on each dimension accepts dt_bfloat16, dt_float32, dt_int8, dt_uint8 type output and output of the same type.

Interface definition

NNCASE_API inline result<runtime::runtime_tensor> pad(runtime::runtime_tensor &input, runtime_paddings_t &paddings, pad_mode_t pad_mode, float fill_v)

Input parameters

Parameter name type Yes or no description
input runtime_tensor be Enter the data, if the data is uint8 or int8 Ensure the correctness of the data quantization parameters
padding runtime_paddings_t be For example, the padding value is [ {2,3}, {1,3} ]indicated in front of pad 2 in the last dimension, followed by pad 3. The penultimate dimension is preceded by pad 1, followed by pad 2
pad_mode pad_mode_t be Currently, only const mode is supported
fill_v float be Populate the values

The return value

result<runtime_tensor>

Code examples

runtime_paddings_t paddings{ { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 1, 2 } };
auto output = F::pad(input, paddings, pad_constant, pad_value).unwrap_or_throw();

7 Quantitative White Paper

7.1 Classification Model Quantification White Paper

Classification model CPU Precision (Top-1) Floating-point accuracy (Top-1) uint8 precision (Top-1) int8 Precision (Top-1)
alexnet 0.531 0.53 N/A 0.52
densenet 121 0.732 0.732 0.723 N/A
inception v3 0.766 0.765 0.773 0.77
inception v4 0.789 0.789 0.793 0.792
mobilenet v1 0.731 0.73 0.723 0.718
mobilenet v2 0.713 0.715 0.713 0.719
resnet50 v2 0.747 0.74 0.748 0.749
vgg 16 0.689 0.687 0.690 0.689

This table is mainly to compare the performance of quantization, the CPU precision is the full ImageNet validation set data, and the floating-point and quantization accuracy is the result of the data subset test for the first image of the 1000 classes in the validation set according to the ordinal number.

The test results of Alexnet and SenseNet are old data, both of which are test results of the first 1000 images of the verification set as a subset of the data, and N/A is that the test data subset at that time is different from the CPU, so it is not used as a comparison.

Because the selected network does not necessarily originate from the official or there are differences in pre-processing, etc., it may differ from the official performance.

7.2 Detection Model Quantification White Paper

  1. YOLOV3

    COCOAPI Official results CPU floating-point precision gnne floating-point precision uint8 precision int8 precision
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.314 0.307 0.306 0.295 0.288
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.559 0.555 0.554 0.555 0.554
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.75| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.318 0.308 0.307 0.287 0.275
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.142 0.150 0.149 0.147 0.144
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.341 0.332 0.332 0.322 0.316
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.464 0.437 0.437 0.414 0.404
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 1] 0.278 0.270 0.271 0.262 0.256
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 10] 0.419 0.412 0.412 0.399 0.392
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.442 0.433 0.433 0.421 0.414
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.239 0.251 0.251 0.248 0.246
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.482 0.462 0.463 0.451 0.443
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.611 0.586 0.585 0.559 0.550

  2. ssd-mobilenetv1

    COCOAPI Official results CPU floating-point precision gnne floating-point precision uint8 precision int8 precision
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.184 0.184 0.184 0.183 0.183
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.306 0.307 0.306 0.305 0.306
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.75| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.191 0.192 0.190 0.189 0.190
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.157 0.157 0.157 0.156 0.155
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.371 0.372 0.371 0.370 0.369
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 1] 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.181 0.181
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 10] 0.242 0.242 0.242 0.243 0.243
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.242 0.242 0.242 0.243 0.243
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.026
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.206 0.206 0.206 0.206 0.205
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.489 0.491 0.490 0.490 0.491

  3. YOLOV5S

    COCOAPI Official results CPU floating-point precision gnne floating-point precision uint8 precision int8 precision
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.367 0.365 0.335 0.334 0.335
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.555 0.552 0.518 0.518 0.518
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.75| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.398 0.395 0.364 0.363 0.362
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.223 0.220 0.199 0.199 0.197
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.419 0.418 0.387 0.386 0.386
    Average Precision (AP) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.463 0.459 0.423 0.422 0.423
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 1] 0.306 0.306 0.288 0.287 0.287
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 10] 0.518 0.518 0.487 0.486 0.487
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = all | maxDets = 100] 0.576 0.576 0.540 0.539 0.540
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = small | maxDets = 100] 0.391 0.399 0.350 0.350 0.347
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU= 0.50:0.95| area = medium | maxDets = 100] 0.641 0.640 0.606 0.605 0.607
    Average Recall (AR) @ [IoU = 0.50:0.95| area = large | maxDets = 100] 0.716 0.710 0.680 0.683 0.685

8 FAQ

  1. 安装wheel时报错: "xxx.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform." **

    Q: 安装nncase wheel包, 出现ERROR: nncase-1.0.0.20210830-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl is not a supported wheel on this platform.

    A: Upgrade pip > = 20.3

    sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

  2. When the CRB runs the App inference program, it reports the error "std::bad_alloc"

    Q: Run the App inference program on the CRB and throw a "std::bad_alloc" exception

    $ ./cpp.sh
case ./yolov3_bfloat16 build at Sep 16 2021 18:12:03
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_alloc'
what():  std::bad_alloc

    A: std::bad_alloc exceptions are usually caused by memory allocation failures, which can be checked as follows.

    • Check whether the generated kmodel exceeds the current system available memory (such as yolov3 bfloat16 kmodel size is 121MB, the current Linux available memory is only 70MB, the exception will be thrown). If it exceeds, try using post-training quantization to reduce the kmodel size.
    • Check the app for memory leaks

  3. When running the App inference program[.. t_runtime_tensor.cpp:310 (create)] data.size_bytes() == size = false (bool).

    Q: Simulator runs the App inference program, throwing a "[.. t_runtime_tensor.cpp:310 (create)] data.size_bytes() == size = false (bool)" exception

    A: Check the input tensor information for the settings, focusing on the input shape and the number of bytes occupied by each element (fp32/uint8)

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