How to Use the Serializer

Symfony provides a serializer to serialize/deserialize to and from objects and different formats (e.g. JSON or XML). Before using it, read the :doc:`Serializer component docs </components/serializer>` to get familiar with its philosophy and the normalizers and encoders terminology.

Installation

In applications using :ref:`Symfony Flex <symfony-flex>`, run this command to install the serializer :ref:`Symfony pack <symfony-packs>` before using it:

$ composer require symfony/serializer-pack

Using the Serializer Service

Once enabled, the serializer service can be injected in any service where you need it or it can be used in a controller:

// src/Controller/DefaultController.php
namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\SerializerInterface;

class DefaultController extends AbstractController
{
    public function index(SerializerInterface $serializer): Response
    {
        // keep reading for usage examples
    }
}

Or you can use the serialize Twig filter in a template:

{{ object|serialize(format = 'json') }}

See the :doc:`twig reference </reference/twig_reference>` for more information.

Adding Normalizers and Encoders

Once enabled, the serializer service will be available in the container. It comes with a set of useful :ref:`encoders <component-serializer-encoders>` and :ref:`normalizers <component-serializer-normalizers>`.

Encoders supporting the following formats are enabled:

JSON: :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Encoder\\JsonEncoder`
XML: :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Encoder\\XmlEncoder`
CSV: :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Encoder\\CsvEncoder`
YAML: :class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Encoder\\YamlEncoder`

As well as the following normalizers:

:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\ObjectNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\DateTimeNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\DateTimeZoneNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\DateIntervalNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\FormErrorNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\DataUriNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\JsonSerializableNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\ArrayDenormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\ConstraintViolationListNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\ProblemNormalizer`
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\BackedEnumNormalizer`

Other :ref:`built-in normalizers <component-serializer-normalizers>` and custom normalizers and/or encoders can also be loaded by tagging them as :ref:`serializer.normalizer <reference-dic-tags-serializer-normalizer>` and :ref:`serializer.encoder <reference-dic-tags-serializer-encoder>`. It's also possible to set the priority of the tag in order to decide the matching order.

Caution!

Always make sure to load the DateTimeNormalizer when serializing the DateTime or DateTimeImmutable classes to avoid excessive memory usage and exposing internal details.

Serializer Context

The serializer can define a context to control the (de)serialization of resources. This context is passed to all normalizers. For example:

:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\DateTimeNormalizer` uses datetime_format key as date time format;
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Normalizer\\AbstractObjectNormalizer` uses preserve_empty_objects to represent empty objects as {} instead of [] in JSON.
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Serializer\\Serializer` uses empty_array_as_object to represent empty arrays as {} instead of [] in JSON.

You can pass the context as follows:

$serializer->serialize($something, 'json', [
    DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => 'Y-m-d H:i:s',
]);

$serializer->deserialize($someJson, Something::class, 'json', [
    DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => 'Y-m-d H:i:s',
]);

You can also configure the default context through the framework configuration:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # config/packages/framework.yaml
        framework:
            # ...
            serializer:
                default_context:
                    enable_max_depth: true
                    yaml_indentation: 2

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- config/packages/framework.xml -->
        <framework:config>
            <!-- ... -->
            <framework:serializer>
                <default-context enable-max-depth="true" yaml-indentation="2"/>
            </framework:serializer>
        </framework:config>

    .. code-block:: php

        // config/packages/framework.php
        use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Encoder\YamlEncoder;
        use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Normalizer\AbstractObjectNormalizer;
        use Symfony\Config\FrameworkConfig;

        return static function (FrameworkConfig $framework): void {
            $framework->serializer()
                ->defaultContext([
                    AbstractObjectNormalizer::ENABLE_MAX_DEPTH => true,
                    YamlEncoder::YAML_INDENTATION => 2,
                ])
            ;
        };

.. versionadded:: 6.2

    The option to configure YAML indentation was introduced in Symfony 6.2.

You can also specify the context on a per-property basis:

.. configuration-block::

namespace App\Model;

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Context;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Normalizer\DateTimeNormalizer;

class Person
{
    /**
     * @Context({ DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY = 'Y-m-d' })
     */
    public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt;

    // ...
}

namespace App\Model;

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Context;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Normalizer\DateTimeNormalizer;

class Person
{
    #[Context([DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => 'Y-m-d'])]
    public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt;

    // ...
}

App\Model\Person:
    attributes:
        createdAt:
            context:
                datetime_format: 'Y-m-d'

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<serializer xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping
        https://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping/serializer-mapping-1.0.xsd"
>
    <class name="App\Model\Person">
        <attribute name="createdAt">
            <context>
                <entry name="datetime_format">Y-m-d</entry>
            </context>
        </attribute>
    </class>
</serializer>

Use the options to specify context specific to normalization or denormalization:

namespace App\Model;

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Context;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Normalizer\DateTimeNormalizer;

class Person
{
    #[Context(
        normalizationContext: [DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => 'Y-m-d'],
        denormalizationContext: [DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => \DateTime::RFC3339],
    )]
    public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt;

    // ...
}

You can also restrict the usage of a context to some groups:

namespace App\Model;

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Context;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Groups;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Normalizer\DateTimeNormalizer;

class Person
{
    #[Groups(['extended'])]
    #[Context([DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => \DateTime::RFC3339])]
    #[Context(
        context: [DateTimeNormalizer::FORMAT_KEY => \DateTime::RFC3339_EXTENDED],
        groups: ['extended'],
    )]
    public \DateTimeInterface $createdAt;

    // ...
}

The attribute/annotation can be repeated as much as needed on a single property. Context without group is always applied first. Then context for the matching groups are merged in the provided order.

Using Context Builders

.. versionadded:: 6.1

    Context builders were introduced in Symfony 6.1.

To define the (de)serialization context, you can use "context builders", which are objects that help you to create that context by providing autocompletion, validation, and documentation:

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Context\Normalizer\DateTimeNormalizerContextBuilder;

$contextBuilder = (new DateTimeNormalizerContextBuilder())->withFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s');
$serializer->serialize($something, 'json', $contextBuilder->toArray());

Each normalizer/encoder has its related :ref:`context builder <component-serializer-context-builders>`. To create a more complex (de)serialization context, you can chain them using the withContext() method:

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Context\Encoder\CsvEncoderContextBuilder;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Context\Normalizer\ObjectNormalizerContextBuilder;

$initialContext = [
    'custom_key' => 'custom_value',
];

$contextBuilder = (new ObjectNormalizerContextBuilder())
    ->withContext($initialContext)
    ->withGroups(['group1', 'group2']);

$contextBuilder = (new CsvEncoderContextBuilder())
    ->withContext($contextBuilder)
    ->withDelimiter(';');

$serializer->serialize($something, 'csv', $contextBuilder->toArray());

You can also :doc:`create your context builders </serializer/custom_context_builders>` to have autocompletion, validation, and documentation for your custom context values.

Using Serialization Groups Attributes

You can add :ref:`#[Groups] attributes <component-serializer-attributes-groups-annotations>` to your class:

// src/Entity/Product.php
namespace App\Entity;

use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM;
use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\Groups;

#[ORM\Entity]
class Product
{
    #[ORM\Id]
    #[ORM\GeneratedValue]
    #[ORM\Column(type: 'integer')]
    #[Groups(['show_product', 'list_product'])]
    private int $id;

    #[ORM\Column(type: 'string', length: 255)]
    #[Groups(['show_product', 'list_product'])]
    private string $name;

    #[ORM\Column(type: 'text')]
    #[Groups(['show_product'])]
    private string $description;
}

You can now choose which groups to use when serializing:

use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Context\Normalizer\ObjectNormalizerContextBuilder;

$context = (new ObjectNormalizerContextBuilder())
    ->withGroups('show_product')
    ->toArray();

$json = $serializer->serialize($product, 'json', $context);

Tip

The value of the groups key can be a single string, or an array of strings.

In addition to the #[Groups] attribute, the Serializer component also supports YAML or XML files. These files are automatically loaded when being stored in one of the following locations:

All *.yaml and *.xml files in the config/serializer/ directory.
The serialization.yaml or serialization.xml file in the Resources/config/ directory of a bundle;
All *.yaml and *.xml files in the Resources/config/serialization/ directory of a bundle.

Using Nested Attributes

To map nested properties, use the SerializedPath configuration to define their paths using a :doc:`valid PropertyAccess syntax </components/property_access>`:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: php-annotations

        namespace App\Model;

        use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\SerializedPath;

        class Person
        {
            /**
             * @SerializedPath("[profile][information][birthday]")
             */
            private string $birthday;

            // ...
        }

    .. code-block:: php-attributes

        namespace App\Model;

        use Symfony\Component\Serializer\Annotation\SerializedPath;

        class Person
        {
            #[SerializedPath('[profile][information][birthday]')]
            private string $birthday;

            // ...
        }

    .. code-block:: yaml

        App\Model\Person:
            attributes:
                dob:
                    serialized_path: '[profile][information][birthday]'

    .. code-block:: xml

        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
        <serializer xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping
                https://symfony.com/schema/dic/serializer-mapping/serializer-mapping-1.0.xsd"
        >
            <class name="App\Model\Person">
                <attribute name="dob" serialized-path="[profile][information][birthday]"/>
            </class>
        </serializer>

.. versionadded:: 6.2

    The option to configure a ``SerializedPath`` was introduced in Symfony 6.2.

Using the configuration from above, denormalizing with a metadata-aware normalizer will write the birthday field from $data onto the Person object:

$data = [
    'profile' => [
        'information' => [
            'birthday' => '01-01-1970',
        ],
    ],
];
$person = $normalizer->denormalize($data, Person::class, 'any');
$person->getBirthday(); // 01-01-1970

When using annotations or attributes, the SerializedPath can either be set on the property or the associated _getter_ method. The SerializedPath cannot be used in combination with a SerializedName for the same property.

Configuring the Metadata Cache

The metadata for the serializer is automatically cached to enhance application performance. By default, the serializer uses the cache.system cache pool which is configured using the :ref:`cache.system <reference-cache-system>` option.

Enabling a Name Converter

The use of a :ref:`name converter <component-serializer-converting-property-names-when-serializing-and-deserializing>` service can be defined in the configuration using the :ref:`name_converter <reference-serializer-name_converter>` option.

The built-in :ref:`CamelCase to snake_case name converter <using-camelized-method-names-for-underscored-attributes>` can be enabled by using the serializer.name_converter.camel_case_to_snake_case value:

.. configuration-block::

    .. code-block:: yaml

        # config/packages/framework.yaml
        framework:
            # ...
            serializer:
                name_converter: 'serializer.name_converter.camel_case_to_snake_case'

    .. code-block:: xml

        <!-- config/packages/framework.xml -->
        <framework:config>
            <!-- ... -->
            <framework:serializer name-converter="serializer.name_converter.camel_case_to_snake_case"/>
        </framework:config>

    .. code-block:: php

        // config/packages/framework.php
        use Symfony\Config\FrameworkConfig;

        return static function (FrameworkConfig $framework): void {
            $framework->serializer()->nameConverter('serializer.name_converter.camel_case_to_snake_case');
        };

Debugging the Serializer

Use the debug:serializer command to dump the serializer metadata of a given class:

$ php bin/console debug:serializer 'App\Entity\Book'

    App\Entity\Book
    ---------------

    +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Property | Options                                                    |
    +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+
    | name     | [                                                          |
    |          |   "groups" => [                                            |
    |          |       "book:read",                                         |
    |          |       "book:write",                                        |
    |          |   ]                                                        |
    |          |   "maxDepth" => 1,                                         |
    |          |   "serializedName" => "book_name"                          |
    |          |   "ignore" => false                                        |
    |          |   "normalizationContexts" => [],                           |
    |          |   "denormalizationContexts" => []                          |
    |          | ]                                                          |
    | isbn     | [                                                          |
    |          |   "groups" => [                                            |
    |          |       "book:read",                                         |
    |          |   ]                                                        |
    |          |   "maxDepth" => null,                                      |
    |          |   "serializedName" => null                                 |
    |          |   "ignore" => false                                        |
    |          |   "normalizationContexts" => [],                           |
    |          |   "denormalizationContexts" => []                          |
    |          | ]                                                          |
    +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+

.. versionadded:: 6.3

    The debug:serializer`` command was introduced in Symfony 6.3.

Going Further with the Serializer

API Platform provides an API system supporting the following formats:

JSON-LD along with the Hydra Core Vocabulary
OpenAPI v2 (formerly Swagger) and v3
GraphQL
JSON:API
HAL
JSON
XML
YAML
CSV

It is built on top of the Symfony Framework and its Serializer component. It provides custom normalizers and a custom encoder, custom metadata and a caching system.

If you want to leverage the full power of the Symfony Serializer component, take a look at how this bundle works.

.. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 1

    serializer/custom_encoders
    serializer/custom_normalizer
    serializer/custom_context_builders

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serializer.rst

serializer.rst

How to Use the Serializer

Installation

Using the Serializer Service

Adding Normalizers and Encoders

Serializer Context

Using Context Builders

Using Serialization Groups Attributes

Using Nested Attributes

Configuring the Metadata Cache

Enabling a Name Converter

Debugging the Serializer

Going Further with the Serializer

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How to Use the Serializer

Installation

Using the Serializer Service

Adding Normalizers and Encoders

Serializer Context

Using Context Builders

Using Serialization Groups Attributes

Using Nested Attributes

Configuring the Metadata Cache

Enabling a Name Converter

Debugging the Serializer

Going Further with the Serializer