nimi-ale.md

Dictionary

(nimi ale)

This creative work by Stephan Schneider is based on the official Toki Pona book and website: http://tokipona.org

SITELEN	KON
a	INTERJECTION PARTICLE (emotion word), (KU kin) (emphasis or confirmation) ADVERB so; ha, wow, yay: (sama la + a = KU kin) also, (KU kin) indeed, (sin la + a = KU kin) too; (lon) yes
akesi	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE cold-blooded, treacherous: (pipi akesi = CLASSIC akesi) arthropod, (toki akesi = EXTINCT powe) to deceive NOUN non-cute animal; amphibian, reptile; (KU monsuta) monster: (pana e pilin akesi tawa = KU monsuta e) to scare
ala	INTERJECTION PARTICLE (negation) ADVERB not NOUN nothingness
	NUMBER ADJECTIVE zero, 0; no: (ijo ala = CLASSIC ala) nothing NOUN zero
alasa	VERB VERB to hunt, forage NOUN prey
ale	CORRELATIVE = CLASSIC ali ADJECTIVE (mute ale) all, every; (wan ale) all NOUN everything; area
	NUMBER ADJECTIVE ∞, countless NOUN infinity; 100
	THING ADJECTIVE abundant, bountiful, plentiful NOUN abundance; life, universe
anpa	AREA ADJECTIVE (noka) low, lower: (kama anpa) downward: bowing down, bowing to the ground; deep NOUN (noka) area below or under: (lon anpa = lon noka) below, under; depending on; abyss; hell
	THING ADJECTIVE humble, lowly; dependent; (EXTINCT apeja) guilty, shameful; VERB to conquer; (EXTINCT apeja) to accuse; NOUN powerlessness; (EXTINCT apeja) guilt, shame NOUN devil
ante	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION than, unlike; (esun) ADJECTIVE altered, changed, different; (esun) NOUN (kama ante) change
anu	CONJUNCTION PARTICLE (alternative), or
awen	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB to continue to ADJECTIVE continuous
	AREA ADJECTIVE enduring, kept; (awen lon) staying, waiting; (pi sike/tenpo awen) current, present; (tomo); VERB (tomo)
e	MARKER PARTICLE (before the direct OBJECT)
en	CONJUNCTION PARTICLE (between multiple SUBJECTs), and
esun	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION (ante) instead of ADJECTIVE (ante) else, other; (ona esun = ona sama) each other, mutual NOUN (kama esun) exchange; business transaction; (tomo esun) shop; (ma esun) bazaar, fair, market
	NUMBER ADJECTIVE 7, seven NOUN septet: (sike esun) week
ijo	NOUN NOUN being, matter, object, phenomenon, something, thing; context; case; place; ADJECTIVE something's
ike	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE bad, harmful, hostile, negative; (sin ike) irrelevant, needless, non-essential; NOUN bad things, evil, fault, negativity, non-essentials
ilo	THING ADJECTIVE (pona) useful NOUN device, implement, machine, tool
insa	AREA ADJECTIVE central; inner NOUN centre: (lon insa) between, (lon insa) (tangentially) between; inside: (lon insa) within, (lon insa) in
	THING ADJECTIVE internal NOUN content
	ORGAN ADJECTIVE intermediary NOUN internal organ: stomach, womb; (insa palisa) joint VERB to mediate
jaki	THING ADJECTIVE bitter, disgusting, obscene, sickly, toxic, unclean, unsanitary, yucky NOUN dirt, poison, waste
jan	NOUN NOUN folks, guy, human being, person/people, somebody; ADJECTIVE somebody's
jelo	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE yellow, (jelo mu) yellowish
jo	VERB VERB to have; carry, contain, hold, wear NOUN property
kala	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE diving, swimming NOUN fish, marine animal, sea creature
kalama	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE producing a sound VERB to recite, utter aloud NOUN noise
kama	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB to become: (kama lon) arriving, being summoned, coming; manage to, succeed in ADJECTIVE emerging: (pi sike/tenpo kama) future, next; NOUN advent: (lon kama) before
kasi	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE vegetating; growing NOUN plant, vegetation; herb, (lipu kasi) leaf
ken	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB to be able to, be allowed to, can, may ADJECTIVE possible
kepeken	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION by means of, using, with ADJECTIVE usufructuary
kili	THING ADJECTIVE hanging NOUN fruit; banana, blueberry, kiwi, kumquat, lingonberry, orange; mushroom, vegetable; turnip
kiwen	THING ADJECTIVE hard, sharp; rigid NOUN hard object: bone, metal, rock, stone
ko	THING ADJECTIVE semi-solid NOUN semi-solid: clay, clinging form, dough, paste, powder
kon	THING ADJECTIVE floating, hovering NOUN air, breath; essence, spirit; meaning, soul; hidden reality, unseen agent
kule	THING ADJECTIVE colourful, painted; pigmented NOUN paint; pigment
kulupu	THING ADJECTIVE (pi kulupu sama = sama) fellow: (jan pi kulupu sama = jan sama) peer, (jan pi kulupu mama sama = jan sama = EXTINCT pata) sibling; in common, shared NOUN interaction, relationship; (kulupu jan) community, company, group, nation, society, tribe; (mute)
kute	ORGAN NOUN ear; VERB to hear, listen; (kute wawa) listen to, pay attention to, obey
la	CONJUNCTION PARTICLE (between the CONTEXT PHRASE and the MAIN SENTENCE), (separates CONTEXT from MAIN SENTENCE)
lape	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE resting, sleeping; NOUN sleep
laso	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE blue, (laso mu) bluish, green, (laso mu) greenish; immature; (walo) pale
lawa	AREA ADJECTIVE (sewi) upper; (suli nanpa wan) main NOUN (sewi) highest part: (lon lawa = lon sewi) at the top of
	ORGAN NOUN head; mind; VERB to control, direct, guide, lead, own, plan, regulate, rule: (nasin lawa) code of law; NOUN guidance
len	ORGAN NOUN cloth, clothing, fabric, textile, vest; cover, layer of privacy; VERB to hide
lete	THING ADJECTIVE cold, cool; uncooked, raw NOUN frost, ice
li	MARKER PARTICLE (indicative), (between any SUBJECT except mi alone or sina alone and its PREDICATE; also to introduce a new PREDICATE for the same SUBJECT)
lili	THING ADJECTIVE little, micro-, narrow, small, short; (pi tenpo lili) momentary, temporary; 120, few; a bit; (pi sike suno lili) young NOUN (KU kipisi) building block, detail, element, member, unit; part, particle, piece
linja	THING ADJECTIVE long and flexible NOUN long flexible thing: chain, cord, (linja lawa) hair, rope, string, thread, yarn; curve, line; row; VERB to tie
lipu	THING ADJECTIVE flat, thin NOUN flat object: (mute lipu) book, card, clay tablet, document, paper, piece of paper, postcard, printed book, record, website
loje	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE red, (loje mu) reddish
lon	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION along; at, located at, present at; during; in: (lon ni: = , la) if, when ADJECTIVE existing, real, true; ADVERB (a)
luka	ORGAN NOUN arm, fingers, hand, tactile organ; VERB to touch
	NUMBER ADJECTIVE 5, five NOUN quintet
lukin	ORGAN NOUN (KU oko) eye; VERB to look at, see; (lukin wawa) examine, observe, (lukin e sitelen) read, search + OBJECT, watch
	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB to try to; to seek to: (lukin jo) to look for VERB to care for
lupa	THING ADJECTIVE concave, empty, hollow NOUN cave, orifice: (lupa meli) womb; hole: (lupa tomo) door, (lupa suno) window
ma	AREA ADJECTIVE outside NOUN outdoors: world; (sike ma) planet VERB to orient
	THING NOUN earth, land, soil; (ma kulupu) country, territory
mama	PERSON ADJECTIVE (sijelo); giving origin, of origin NOUN parent; (mama mije) father, (mama meli) mother; ancestor; creator, originator: (jo e mama = sijelo); (CLASSIC tan) cause, origin; caretaker, sustainer
mani	THING ADJECTIVE domesticated, refined; valueable NOUN large domesticated animal; cash, money, savings, wealth
meli	PERSON ADJECTIVE female NOUN female, feminine person, woman; wife
mi	NOUN NOUN I/me/myself, we/us/ourselves; ADJECTIVE my, our
mije	PERSON ADJECTIVE male NOUN male, man, masculine person; husband
moku	VERB VERB to consume, drink, ingest, swallow; eat; NOUN the act of eating NOUN food
moli	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE dead: (kama moli) dying
monsi	AREA ADJECTIVE rear NOUN area behind, back, rear: (lon monsi) behind
	THING ADJECTIVE dorsal NOUN back; backbone; VERB to endorse
mu	INTERJECTION PARTICLE (animal noise or communication); (indifference) ADVERB (mu) -ish, sort-of; cock-a-doodle-doo, moo; blah
mun	THING ADJECTIVE orbiting, sky-walking NOUN night sky object: moon, star
musi	THING ADJECTIVE artistic, entertaining, frivolous, playful, recreational NOUN game; VERB to play with
mute	THING ADJECTIVE 3+, 20, a lot, many, several; ADVERB much, very; (mute sin) more; VERB to multiply NOUN amount, quantity
	NUMBER ADJECTIVE (EXTINCT tuli) 3, three; NOUN trio; (kulupu) multitude, set
nanpa	THING ADJECTIVE digital, numeric NOUN data, numbers; VERB to count; calculate
	NAME PARTICLE (ordinal number), -nd, -rd, -th: (nanpa wan) first, most fundamental: (suli nanpa wan) priority; (lawa);
nasa	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE strange, unconventional, unusual; (nasa ike) crazy, foolish; (nasa jaki) drunk, intoxicated
nasin	AREA ADJECTIVE connecting NOUN connection, passage, path, road, street, way; dimension, direction; custom, doctrine, method, system, way of doing things; VERB to connect
nena	THING (EXTINCT kapa) ADJECTIVE convex, full, outstanding, thick NOUN bump, hill, mountain, protuberance; button; (nena pi sinpin lawa) nose
ni	CORRELATIVE ADJECTIVE that, this NOUN (ni:) the following
nimi	VERB NOUN name; word VERB to call, define
noka	AREA ADJECTIVE bottom; (anpa) NOUN lowest part; bottom, foundation: (lon noka) at the bottom of; (anpa)
	ORGAN NOUN foot, leg, organ of locomotion; VERB to step on, kick
o	MARKER PARTICLE (deontic) (vocative or imperative), (call or command), (shows who is being called or addressed; command or request; wish or desire), hey, o
olin	VERB VERB to be a fan of, have compassion for, love, respect, show affection to; NOUN love; ADJECTIVE beloved
ona	NOUN (EXTINCT iki) NOUN he/him, it, she/her, they/them; ADJECTIVE her, his, its, their
open	AREA ADJECTIVE open; accessible, ready; in working order VERB to open, unseal; set up, turn on; begin, start NOUN aperture, opening; beginning, start: (lon open pi ... pini) ... ago
pakala	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE botched, broken, damaged, harmed, messed up
pali	THING ADJECTIVE busy, serious NOUN business, work; VERB to do, take action on, work on; build, make, prepare; NOUN action
palisa	THING ADJECTIVE long and hard NOUN long hard thing: antler, bone, branch, rod, stick; column
	ORGAN NOUN finger; VERB to point at
pan	THING ADJECTIVE fallen, dropped; sown NOUN seed; cereal, grain; barley, corn, oat, rice, wheat; bread, pasta
pana	VERB VERB to emit, give, grant, provide, (pana e ijo lon) put, release, (pana e ijo tawa) send, send out, serve NOUN gift
pi	MARKER PARTICLE (divides a second NOUN PHRASE that describes a first NOUN PHRASE), of: (pi ijo) about
pilin	ORGAN NOUN heart (physical or emotional); VERB to have the impression that, sense, think; ADJECTIVE feeling (an emotion, a direct experience)
pimeja	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE black, (pimeja mu) blackish; (EXTINCT kapesi) grey; (EXTINCT kapesi) brown, (kule mu) brownish
	THING ADJECTIVE dark, unlit NOUN shadow
pini	AREA ADJECTIVE completed, done, ended, finished: (pi sike/tenpo pini) ago, last, past, previous; (open pini; open ala) closed; VERB (pini e open) to close NOUN end: (lon pini) after, in the end, (tan pini) since
pipi	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE crawling, creeping NOUN ant, bug, insect, spider
poka	AREA ADJECTIVE nearby NOUN area beside, vicinity: (lon poka) next to, (lon poka = EXTINCT kan) among, with
	THING ADJECTIVE lateral NOUN side, (mute pi poka tu tu sama = KU leko) square; (poka sijelo) hip
poki	ORGAN NOUN bag, bowl, box, container, cup, cupboard, drawer, vessel; bladder; VERB to capture
pona	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE beneficial, beautiful, good: of good, great, OK, positive, right; friendly, peaceful; (ilo); basic, elementary, primitive, simple; VERB to improve, tidy up; NOUN good, peace, simplicity, sophistication
pu	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION (sama) according to ADJECTIVE compatible, compliant; (pu lipu Pu) interacting with the official Toki Pona book
	NAME PARTICLE name of the official Toki Pona book: (lipu Pu) the official Toki Pona book, Pu
sama	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION as, like; (pu) ADJECTIVE same, similar; (kulupu); (esun); -self, -selves; NOUN harmony
seli	THING ADJECTIVE hot, warm; cooked NOUN chemical reaction, fire, heat source; cooking element; VERB to cook
selo	ORGAN NOUN form, outer form, outer layer; bark, peel, shell, skin; boundary; VERB (weka) to isolate
seme	CORRELATIVE ADJECTIVE what, which NOUN what, which one
sewi	AREA ADJECTIVE high; (lawa) NOUN area above: (lon sewi) above, over; something elevated; sky; heaven; (lawa)
	THING ADJECTIVE awe-inspiring, divine, sacred, supernatural NOUN the Divine, that which is divine, God, the Lord
sijelo	ORGAN ADJECTIVE (jo e mama) being born; alive, healthy NOUN health, physical state; configuration, mode NOUN life-form; body (of person or animal), torso; VERB (mama pi) to give birth to
sike	THING ADJECTIVE round: (lon poka sike) around NOUN round or circular thing: ball, circle, sphere, wheel
	AREA ADJECTIVE periodic NOUN cycle; iteration, lap: (sike suno) year; (tenpo) ADJECTIVE (pi sike suno) of one year, (pi sike suno mute = EXTINCT majuna) old
sin	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION in addition to, with ADJECTIVE new, fresh; (KU namako) additional, another, extra; artificial, enhanced
sina	NOUN NOUN you/thou/thee/thyself; the person who; ADJECTIVE your/thy
sinpin	AREA ADJECTIVE foremost NOUN area in front: (lon sinpin) in front of
	THING ADJECTIVE blocking, upright, vertical NOUN front, wall; (sinpin sijelo) chest, (sinpin lawa) face; VERB (EXTINCT pake) to block; to confront, face
sitelen	VERB VERB to draw, indicate, project, represent, sculpture NOUN image, picture, projection, representation, sculpture, symbol, mark, writing
sona	VERB VERB to be skilled in; to be knowledgeable of, be wise about, have information on, know, (toki wawa e sona) testify NOUN insight, knowledge, wisdom
	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB to know how to
soweli	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE warm-blooded; (suwi) innocent NOUN cute animal; animal, beast, land mammal; badger, hare, moose; (KU kijetesantakalu) Procyonidae; meat
suli	THING ADJECTIVE big, heavy, large, long, tall; important; responsible; adult; VERB enlarge NOUN cargo; role
suno	THING ADJECTIVE bright; NOUN brightness, glow, light, radiance, shine NOUN sun; light source
supa	AREA ADJECTIVE horizontal NOUN horizon, horizontal surface: (lon supa) on
	THING ADJECTIVE sustaining NOUN thing to put or rest something on: (lon supa) lying on, sitting on; sofa; (supa sinpin = KU leko) block; (supa noka = KU leko) ladder, step, stairs
suwi	THING ADJECTIVE fragrant, sweet; adorable, cute; (soweli) NOUN sweets
tan	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION because of, by, from; since ADJECTIVE (tawa)
taso	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION free from, independent from, without; (taso ni la) but, however ADJECTIVE just, only
tawa	PREPOSITION PREPOSITION going to, to, moving to, toward, towards; for; until; at the receiving end of, from the perspective of ADJECTIVE moving, (tawa wawa) running, (kama tawa = tan) leaving: departure
telo	THING ADJECTIVE wet NOUN fluid, liquid, (telo suli) lake, water, wet substance; beverage; VERB to water
tenpo	AREA ADJECTIVE ephemeral, provisional, transitory NOUN moment, occasion, period, situation, time; duration
toki	VERB VERB to communicate, explain, say, speak; think; ADJECTIVE talking, using language; NOUN communication, speech; language: (lon toki) in, something that you speak NOUN message, (toki pi ijo sin) news
tomo	ORGAN NOUN roof, shelter: (lon tomo = awen) protected, safe; indoor space: building, home, house, room, shed VERB (awen) to help in peril, protect
tu	NUMBER ADJECTIVE 2, two: (tu tu = EXTINCT po) four; VERB to divide NOUN pair
unpa	VERB VERB to have sex with
uta	ORGAN NOUN jaw, lips, mouth, oral cavity; VERB to kiss, suck, taste
utala	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE aggressive; VERB to attack, battle, challenge, compete against, fight, hit, provoke, struggle against; NOUN battle, fighting
walo	ADJECTIVE ADJECTIVE white, (walo mu) whitish; light-coloured, (laso)
wan	NUMBER ADJECTIVE 1, one; (wan ale) united NOUN singleton
	CORRELATIVE ADJECTIVE (wan) certain; specific; unique
waso	LIFE-FORM ADJECTIVE flying, winging NOUN bird, flying creature, winged animal
wawa	THING ADJECTIVE energetic, intense, powerful, stable, strong; independent; dependable, reliable; (sona wawa) confident, sure; (kalama wawa) loud; VERB strengthen; (toki wawa e sona) to bear witness NOUN might, power; force
weka	AREA ADJECTIVE absent, away, remote; ignored; VERB to eliminate, erase, omit, remove NOUN distance: (lon weka) away from; (insa selo) isolation
	THING ADJECTIVE vast NOUN space; vacuum, void
wile	PRE-VERB PRE-VERB must, need, require, should, want, wish ADJECTIVE inevitable, necessary

CONTENT WORD

_{^{NIMI SULI}}

_{^{CONTENT WORD}}s are convertible. The number of _^PRE-VERBs and _^PREPOSITIONs is limited to the ones listed in the Dictionary.

NOUN

_{^{NIMI LAWA}}

You can convert any _^NOUN into an _^ADJECTIVE meaning of ....

NOUN jan
NOUN someone ADJECTIVE of someone = someone's

PRONOUN

_{^{NIMI LAWA SAMA}}

You can convert any _^PRONOUN into an _^ADJECTIVE meaning of ....

PRONOUN sina
NOUN you ADJECTIVE of you = your

VERB

_{^{NIMI PALI}}

You can convert any _^VERB into a _^NOUN meaning something that you ....

VERB moku
VERB to eat NOUN something that you eat = food

PRE-VERB

_{^{NIMI PALI LAWA}}

A _^PRE-VERB can be thought of as the remainder in a primordial _^VERB of a _{^{MAIN CLAUSE}} that has fallen into oblivion.

PRE-VERB sona	mi sona e nasin ni: mi toki. → mi sona toki.
PRE-VERB to know how to VERB to know	I know how to talk.

ADJECTIVE

_{^{NIMI NOKA}}

You can convert any _^ADJECTIVE into a _^VERB meaning to make ....

ADJECTIVE pona
ADJECTIVE peaceful VERB to make peaceful = to pacify

You can convert any _^ADJECTIVE into a _^NOUN meaning the state of being ....

ADJECTIVE pona
ADJECTIVE peaceful NOUN the state of being peaceful = peace

You can convert any _^VERB into an _^ADJECTIVE meaning ...ing (i.e. who ...s). Such a converted _^ADJECTIVE can be further converted into a _^NOUN meaning the act of ...ing (i.e. the state of being ...ing).

VERB moku
VERB to eat ADJECTIVE eating NOUN the act of eating

PRO-ADJECTIVE

_{^{NIMI NOKA LAWA}}

You can convert any _{^{PRO-ADJECTIVE}} into a _^NOUN meaning that which is .... The specific meaning must be looked up in the Dictionary. Such a converted _^NOUN can be further converted into a _^VERB meaning to use ... on, which often resembles a conversion from _^ADJECTIVE to _^VERB with the meaning to make ....

THING seli
ADJECTIVE hot NOUN that which is hot = fire VERB to use fire on/to make hot = to cook

CORRELATIVE

_{^{NIMI NOKA SAMA}}

You can convert any _^CORRELATIVE into a _^NOUN meaning ijo - something.*

CORRELATIVE ale
ADJECTIVE every NOUN everything

The _^CORRELATIVE ni introduces _{^{SUBORDINATE CLAUSE}}s.

SENTENCE mi sona e ni: mi anpa.
MAIN CLAUSE + SUBORDINATE CLAUSE I know that I'm powerless.

You can use any _^CORRELATIVE as a _^PREDICATE meaning doing ....

SENTENCE ona li seme?
SENTENCE What is she doing?

NUMBER

_{^{NIMI NOKA NANPA}}

NUMBER tu
ADJECTIVE two NOUN two things = pair

THING / AREA

_{^{NIMI NOKA IJO}}

THING sike
ADJECTIVE round NOUN round thing = circle, ball

AREA insa
ADJECTIVE inner NOUN inner area = innards

PERSON

_{^{NIMI NOKA JAN}}

PERSON meli
ADJECTIVE female NOUN feminine person = woman

ORGAN

_{^{NIMI NOKA ILO}}

ORGAN lukin
ADJECTIVE light-sensitive NOUN light-sensitive organ = eye VERB to use eyes on = to see

LIFE-FORM

_{^{NIMI NOKA SIJELO}}

LIFE-FORM waso
ADJECTIVE swimming NOUN swimming life-form = fish

PREPOSITION

_{^{LUKA POKA SULI}}

A _^SENTENCE can end with a _^CONTEXT that consists of one or many _{^{PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE}}s that constitute the so-called _^CONTEXT.*

mi pana e kala	tawa ona.		mi pana e kala tawa ona.
I hand out fish.	to her		I give her fish.

The _^CONTEXT can describe the whole _^SENTENCE or its _^OBJECT, for example. See also _^IF-THEN.

mi lukin e meli pimeja.	lon sinpin tomo		mi lukin e meli pimeja lon sinpin tomo.
I see a black lady.	in front of the building		I see a black lady in front of the building.

You can convert any _^PREPOSITION into an _^ADJECTIVE meaning being ... omitting its argument.

PREPOSITION tawa
PREPOSITION towards ADJECTIVE being towards = going

PARTICLE

_{^{NIMI LILI}}

_^PARTICLEs can only be used as _^PARTICLEs.

You can't convert _^PARTICLEs. A few exceptions can be looked up in the Dictionary. See also _^ONOMATOPEIA.

MARKER

_{^{LUKA POKI}}

PREDICATE

_{^{POKI PALI}}

INDICATIVE

_{^{POKI PI PALI LON}}

The _{^{PREDICATE MARKER}} li marks the _^PREDICATE of a _^SENTENCE as _^INDICATIVE.

ona li mama.	ona li mama ala.
She is a parent.	She is not a parent.

DEONTIC

_{^{POKI PI PALI WILE}}

The _{^{PREDICATE MARKER}} o marks the _^PREDICATE of a _^SENTENCE as _^DEONTIC (i.e. _^VOLITIVE, _^VOCATIVE or _^IMPERATIVE).

VOLITIVE mi o moku e ijo pona.
I should eat good things.

sina is omitted in an _{^{IMPERATIVE SENTENCE}}.

VOLITIVE sina o moku. → IMPERATIVE o moku!
You should eat. → Eat!

_{^{VOCATIVE SENTENCE}}s don't have a _^PREDICATE.

VOCATIVE jan Ali o!
Hey Ali!

A _^VOLITIVE can be reduced to the _^OBJECT of the _^SENTENCE, expressing a wish.

VOLITIVE sina o jo e moku pona. → moku pona!
May you have a good meal. → Bon appétit!

CASE

_^POKI

GENITIVE

_{^{POKI NOKA}}

The _^CASE pi marks a _{^{NOUN PHRASE}} that can be translated as a _^GENITIVE or as an _^ADJECTIVE. A _^SENTENCE shouldn't have more than one _{^{GENITIVE PHRASE}}.

jan pi pona mute
a person of much good → a very good person

When the _{^{NOUN PHRASE}} consists of only one _^NOUN, the _{^{CASE MARKER}} pi is omitted.*

toki pona
the language of good → the good language

ACCUSATIVE

_{^{POKI ANPA}}

The _^CASE e marks a _{^{NOUN PHRASE}} as an _^ACCUSATIVE, i.e. the _{^{MAIN VERB}}'s _^OBJECT.*

CONJUNCTION

_{^{LINJA POKI}}

AND

_{^{LINJA POKI PI IJO SAMA TU}}

The _^CONJUNCTION en means and. It combines two _{^{NOUN PHRASE}}s into one.

CONJUNCTION en	utala en pona
PARTICLE and	War and Peace

In _^SENTENCEs, the _^CONJUNCTION en can be used only between _^SUBJECTs.

taso mije en meli li pali li pilin pona.
But men and women are working and are happy.

OR

_{^{LINJA POKI PI IJO ANTE TU}}

The _^CONJUNCTION anu means or. It combines two _{^{NOUN PHRASE}}s into one.*

CONJUNCTION anu	pona anu ike
PARTICLE or	friendly or hostile

IF-THEN

_{^{LINJA POKI PI IJO INSA}}

The _^CONJUNCTION la can be put between the _{^{CONTEXT PHRASE}}, i.e. a _{^{PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE}}, and the _{^{MAIN SENTENCE}}.

sina pana e nimi pona tawa mi tan seme? → tan seme la sina pana e nimi pona tawa mi?
Why are you calling me good?

See further uses of la.

ONOMATOPEIA

_{^{NIMI KALAMA}}

_^ONOMATOPEIAs are _^NAMEs and _{^INTERJECTION}s. They can be both _^PARTICLEs and _{^{CONTENT WORD}}s when used without kalama.

nimi ona li kalama "Sonja". → nimi ona li Sonja.	ona li kute e kalama "mu" wawa. → ona li kute e mu wawa.
Her name goes "Sonja". → Her name is Sonja.	She heard a loud bleat.

NAME

_^NUMBERs can be used as _^NAMEs after nanpa. (Plus, the _{^{PRO-ADJECTIVE}} nanpa itself can be used as a _^NAME.)

sina nanpa wan.	toki nanpa wan
You're number one.	the first language

INTERJECTION

_^PREPOSITIONs and _^PRE-VERBs can be modified by _{^INTERJECTION}s.

INTERJECTION a!	o kepeken ala ilo ike.	mi sona ala toki.
INTERJECTION Wow!	Don't use bad tools.	I don't know how to talk.