userinterface.tex

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\title{User interface}
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\section{Design of a user interface}
Design of a user interface begins with the task analysis --- an
understanding of the user's underlying tasks and the problem 
domain **Shneiderman,1992**. The user interface should be 
designed in terms of the users' terminology and conception of 
their jobs, rather than the programmer's **Shneiderman, 1983**.

\section{Syntactic level of design: interaction styles}
The principal classes of user interfaces currently in use are
command languages, menus, forms, natural language, direct manipulation,
virtual reality, and combinations of these **Hartson, 1989**. Each
interaction style has its merits for particular user communities or
set of tasks **Myers,1995**.

\section{Command language}
Command language interfaces (CLIs) use artificial languages, 
much like programming languages. They are concise and unambiguous, 
but they are often difficult for a novice to learn and remember 
**Stephenson, 1999**.

\section{Menu}
Menubased user interfaces explicitly present the options available to
a user at each point in a dialogue **Stephenson,1999 and Hutchins,
1986**. 

\section{Natural language}
The principal benefit of natural languages is, of course, that the
user already knows the language **Foley, 1987**. 

\section{Graphical user interface}
In a graphical user interface (GUI), a set of objects called icons is
presented on a scereen, and the user has a repertoire of manipulations
that can be performed on any of them **Jacob, 1986 and Foley, 1990 and
Johnson, 1989**. This means that the user has no command language to
remember beyond the standard set of manipulations, few cognitive
changes of mode, and a reminder of the available objects and their
states shown continuously on the display.

\section{User interface management systems}
A user interface management system (UIMS) is a software 
component that is separate from the application program 
that performs the underlaying task **Olsen, 1992**.

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