Python 3 (Python 3.6+) library to assist smooth development on VeChain for developers and hobbyists.
| Content |
|---|
| Public key, private key, address conversion. |
| Mnemonic Wallets. |
| HD Wallet. |
| Keystore. |
| Various Hashing functions. |
| Signing messages. |
| Verify signature of messages. |
| Bloom filter. |
| Transaction Assembling (Multi-task Transaction, MTT). |
| Fee Delegation Transaction (VIP-191). |
| Self-signed Certificate (VIP-192). |
| ABI decoding of "functions" and "events" in logs. |
... and will always be updated with the newest features on VeChain.
pip3 install thor-devkit -UCaveat: Bip32 depends on the ripemd160 hash library, which should be present on your system within OpenSSL.
Type these in your terminal to see if they are available
> python3
> import hashlib
> print('ripemd160' in hashlib.algorithms_available)from thor_devkit import cry
from thor_devkit.cry import secp256k1
private_key = secp256k1.generate_privateKey()
public_key = secp256k1.derive_publicKey(private_key)
_address_bytes = cry.public_key_to_address(public_key)
address = '0x' + _address_bytes.hex()
print( address )
# 0x86d8cd908e43bc0076bc99e19e1a3c6221436ad0
print('is address?', cry.is_address(address))
# is address? True
print( cry.to_checksum_address(address) )
# 0x86d8CD908e43BC0076Bc99e19E1a3c6221436aD0from thor_devkit import cry
from thor_devkit.cry import secp256k1
# bytes
private_key = bytes.fromhex('7582be841ca040aa940fff6c05773129e135623e41acce3e0b8ba520dc1ae26a')
# bytes
msg_hash, _ = cry.keccak256([b'hello world'])
# Sign the message hash.
# bytes
signature = secp256k1.sign(msg_hash, private_key)
# Recover public key from given message hash and signature.
# bytes
public_key = secp256k1.recover(msg_hash, signature)from thor_devkit.cry import mnemonic
words = mnemonic.generate()
print(words)
# ['fashion', 'reduce', 'resource', 'ordinary', 'seek', 'kite', 'space', 'marriage', 'cube', 'detail', 'bundle', 'latin']
flag = mnemonic.validate(words)
print(flag)
# True
# Quickly get a Bip32 master seed for HD wallets. See below "HD Wallet".
seed = mnemonic.derive_seed(words)
# Quickly get a private key.
private_key = mnemonic.derive_private_key(words, 0)Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets. See bip-32 and bip-44.
from thor_devkit import cry
from thor_devkit.cry import hdnode
# Construct an HD node from words. (Recommended)
words = 'ignore empty bird silly journey junior ripple have guard waste between tenant'.split(' ')
hd_node = cry.HDNode.from_mnemonic(
words,
init_path=hdnode.VET_EXTERNAL_PATH
) # VET wallet, you can input other string values to generate BTC/ETH/... wallets.
# Or, construct HD node from seed. (Advanced)
seed = '28bc19620b4fbb1f8892b9607f6e406fcd8226a0d6dc167ff677d122a1a64ef936101a644e6b447fd495677f68215d8522c893100d9010668614a68b3c7bb49f'
hd_node = cry.HDNode.from_seed(
bytes.fromhex(seed),
init_path=hdnode.VET_EXTERNAL_PATH
) # VET wallet, you can input other string values to generate BTC/ETH/... wallets.
# Access the HD node's properties.
priv = hd_node.private_key()
pub = hd_node.public_key()
addr = hd_node.address()
cc = hd_node.chain_code()
# Or, construct HD node from a given public key. (Advanced)
# Notice: This HD node cannot derive child HD node with "private key".
hd_node = cry.HDNode.from_public_key(pub, cc)
# Or, construct HD node from a given private key. (Advanced)
hd_node = cry.HDNode.from_private_key(priv, cc)
# Let it derive further child HD nodes.
for i in range(0, 3):
print('addr:', '0x'+hd_node.derive(i).address().hex())
print('priv:', hd_node.derive(i).private_key().hex())
# addr: 0x339fb3c438606519e2c75bbf531fb43a0f449a70
# priv: 27196338e7d0b5e7bf1be1c0327c53a244a18ef0b102976980e341500f492425
# addr: 0x5677099d06bc72f9da1113afa5e022feec424c8e
# priv: 0xcf44074ec3bf912d2a46b7c84fa6eb745652c9c74e674c3760dc7af07fc98b62
# addr: 0x86231b5cdcbfe751b9ddcd4bd981fc0a48afe921
# priv: 2ca054a50b53299ea3949f5362ee1d1cfe6252fbe30bea3651774790983e9348from thor_devkit.cry import keystore
ks = {
"version": 3,
"id": "f437ebb1-5b0d-4780-ae9e-8640178ffd77",
"address": "dc6fa3ec1f3fde763f4d59230ed303f854968d26",
"crypto":
{
"kdf": "scrypt",
"kdfparams": {
"dklen": 32,
"salt": "b57682e5468934be81217ad5b14ca74dab2b42c2476864592c9f3b370c09460a",
"n": 262144,
"r": 8,
"p": 1
},
"cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
"ciphertext": "88cb876f9c0355a89cad88ee7a17a2179700bc4306eaf78fa67320efbb4c7e31",
"cipherparams": {
"iv": "de5c0c09c882b3f679876b22b6c5af21"
},
"mac": "8426e8a1e151b28f694849cb31f64cbc9ae3e278d02716cf5b61d7ddd3f6e728"
}
}
password = b'123456'
# Decrypt
private_key = keystore.decrypt(ks, password)
# Encrypt
ks_backup = keystore.encrypt(private_key, password)from thor_devkit import cry
result, length = cry.blake2b256([b'hello world'])
result2, length = cry.blake2b256([b'hello', b' world'])
# result == result2
result, length = cry.keccak256([b'hello world'])
result2, length = cry.keccak256([b'hello', b' world'])
# result == result2from thor_devkit import Bloom
# Create a bloom filter that can store 100 items.
_k = Bloom.estimate_k(100)
b = Bloom(_k)
# Add an item to the bloom filter.
b.add(bytes('hello world', 'UTF-8'))
# Verify
b.test(bytes('hello world', 'UTF-8'))
# True
b.test(bytes('bye bye blue bird', 'UTF-8'))
# Falsefrom thor_devkit import cry, transaction
# See: https://docs.vechain.org/thor/learn/transaction-model.html#model
body = {
"chainTag": int('0x4a', 16), # 0x4a/0x27/0xa4 See: https://docs.vechain.org/others/miscellaneous.html#network-identifier
"blockRef": '0x00000000aabbccdd',
"expiration": 32,
"clauses": [
{
"to": '0x7567d83b7b8d80addcb281a71d54fc7b3364ffed',
"value": 10000,
"data": '0x000000606060'
},
{
"to": '0x7567d83b7b8d80addcb281a71d54fc7b3364ffed',
"value": 20000,
"data": '0x000000606060'
}
],
"gasPriceCoef": 128,
"gas": 21000,
"dependsOn": None,
"nonce": 12345678
}
# Construct an unsigned transaction.
tx = transaction.Transaction(body)
# Access its properties.
tx.get_signing_hash() == cry.blake2b256([tx.encode()])[0] # True
tx.get_signature() == None # True
tx.get_origin() == None # True
tx.get_intrinsic_gas() == 37432 # estimate the gas this tx gonna cost.
# Sign the transaction with a private key.
priv_key = bytes.fromhex('7582be841ca040aa940fff6c05773129e135623e41acce3e0b8ba520dc1ae26a')
message_hash = tx.get_signing_hash()
signature = cry.secp256k1.sign(message_hash, priv_key)
# Set the signature on the transaction.
tx.set_signature(signature)
# Tx origin?
print(tx.get_origin())
# 0xd989829d88b0ed1b06edf5c50174ecfa64f14a64
# Tx id?
print(tx.get_id())
# 0xda90eaea52980bc4bb8d40cb2ff84d78433b3b4a6e7d50b75736c5e3e77b71ec
# Tx encoded into bytes, ready to be sent out.
encoded_bytes = tx.encode()
# pretty print the encoded bytes.
print('0x' + encoded_bytes.hex())
# http POST transaction to send the encoded_bytes to VeChain...
# See the REST API details:
# testnet: https://sync-testnet.vechain.org/doc/swagger-ui/
# mainnet: https://sync-mainnet.vechain.org/doc/swagger-ui/https://github.com/vechain/VIPs/blob/master/vips/VIP-191.md
from thor_devkit import cry, transaction
delegated_body = {
"chainTag": 1,
"blockRef": '0x00000000aabbccdd',
"expiration": 32,
"clauses": [
{
"to": '0x7567d83b7b8d80addcb281a71d54fc7b3364ffed',
"value": 10000,
"data": '0x000000606060'
},
{
"to": '0x7567d83b7b8d80addcb281a71d54fc7b3364ffed',
"value": 20000,
"data": '0x000000606060'
}
],
"gasPriceCoef": 128,
"gas": 21000,
"dependsOn": None,
"nonce": 12345678,
"reserved": {
"features": 1
}
}
delegated_tx = transaction.Transaction(delegated_body)
# Indicate it is a delegated Transaction using VIP-191.
assert delegated_tx.is_delegated() == True
# Sender
addr_1 = '0xf9ea4ba688d55cc7f0eae0dd62f8271b744637bf'
priv_1 = bytes.fromhex('58e444d4fe08b0f4d9d86ec42f26cf15072af3ddc29a78e33b0ceaaa292bcf6b')
# Gas Payer
addr_2 = '0x34b7538c2a7c213dd34c3ecc0098097d03a94dcb'
priv_2 = bytes.fromhex('0bfd6a863f347f4ef2cf2d09c3db7b343d84bb3e6fc8c201afee62de6381dc65')
h = delegated_tx.get_signing_hash() # Sender hash to be signed.
dh = delegated_tx.get_signing_hash(addr_1) # Gas Payer hash to be signed.
# Sender sign the hash.
# Gas payer sign the hash.
# Concat two parts to forge a legal signature.
sig = cry.secp256k1.sign(h, priv_1) + cry.secp256k1.sign(dh, priv_2)
delegated_tx.set_signature(sig)
assert delegated_tx.get_origin() == addr_1
assert delegated_tx.get_delegator() == addr_2https://github.com/vechain/VIPs/blob/master/vips/VIP-192.md
from thor_devkit import cry
from thor_devkit.cry import secp256k1
from thor_devkit import certificate
# My address.
address = '0xd989829d88b0ed1b06edf5c50174ecfa64f14a64'
# My corresponding private key.
private_key = bytes.fromhex('7582be841ca040aa940fff6c05773129e135623e41acce3e0b8ba520dc1ae26a')
# My cert.
cert_dict = {
'purpose': 'identification',
'payload': {
'type': 'text',
'content': 'fyi'
},
'domain': 'localhost',
'timestamp': 1545035330,
'signer': address
}
# Construct a cert, without signature.
cert = certificate.Certificate(**cert_dict)
# Sign the cert with my private key.
sig_bytes = secp256k1.sign(
cry.blake2b256([
certificate.encode(cert).encode('utf-8')
])[0],
private_key
)
signature = '0x' + sig_bytes.hex()
# Mount the signature onto the cert.
cert_dict['signature'] = signature
# Construct a cert, with signature.
cert2 = certificate.Certificate(**cert_dict)
# Verify, if verify failed it will throw Exceptions.
certificate.verify(cert2)Encode function name and parameters according to ABI.
from thor_devkit import abi
abi_dict = {
"constant": False,
"inputs": [
{
"name": "a1",
"type": "uint256"
},
{
"name": "a2",
"type": "string"
}
],
"name": "f1",
"outputs": [
{
"name": "r1",
"type": "address"
},
{
"name": "r2",
"type": "bytes"
}
],
"payable": False,
"stateMutability": "nonpayable",
"type": "function"
}
# Verify if abi_dict is in good shape.
f1 = abi.FUNCTION(abi_dict)
# Get a function instance of the abi.
f = abi.Function(f1)
# Get function selector:
selector = f.selector.hex()
selector == '27fcbb2f'
# Encode the function input parameters.
r = f.encode([1, 'foo'], to_hex=True)
r == '0x27fcbb2f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003666f6f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
# Decode function return result according to abi.
data = '000000000000000000000000abc000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003666f6f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
r = f.decode(bytes.fromhex(data))
# {
# "0": '0xabc0000000000000000000000000000000000001',
# "1": b'666f6f',
# "r1": '0xabc0000000000000000000000000000000000001',
# "r2": b'666f6f'
# }Decode logs according to data and topics.
from thor_devkit import abi
e2 = abi.EVENT({
"anonymous": True,
"inputs": [
{
"indexed": True,
"name": "a1",
"type": "uint256"
},
{
"indexed": False,
"name": "a2",
"type": "string"
}
],
"name": "E2",
"type": "event"
})
ee = abi.Event(e2)
# data in hex format.
r = ee.decode(
data=bytes.fromhex('00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003666f6f0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'),
topics=[
bytes.fromhex('0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001')
]
)
# r == { "0": 1, "1": "foo", "a1": 1, "a2": "foo" }.
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
└── thor_devkit
├── __init__.py
├── abi.py
├── bloom.py
├── certificate.py
├── cry
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── address.py
│ ├── blake2b.py
│ ├── hdnode.py
│ ├── keccak.py
│ ├── keystore.py
│ ├── mnemonic.py
│ ├── secp256k1.py
│ └── utils.py
├── rlp.py
└── transaction.py
# install dependencies
make install
# test code
make test| Name | Bytes | Description |
|---|---|---|
| private key | 32 | random number |
| public key | 65 | uncompressed, starts with "04" |
| address | 20 | derived from public key |
| keccak256 | 32 | hash |
| blake2b256 | 32 | hash |
| message hash | 32 | hash of a message |
| signature | 65 | signing result, last bit as recovery parameter |
| seed | 64 | used to derive bip32 master key |