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07 Git survival guide
There are lots of guides and documents on the internet, but there are too many and many are confusing. Here is a mini guide to use git with a minimal number of commands and parameters. You won't find any details or explanation of Git's internal mechanisms here.
- Get a fresh repository:
git clone <remote path> - Update current repository to latest:
git fetch -v - Update current repository with commit from a fork:
git fetch -v <remote path> <branch> - Send your new commit to the remote:
git push <remote> <branch>
- Stage your change with dynamic selection:
git add/rm -p <file> - Commit your change:
git commit - Uncommit previous commit:
git reset --soft HEAD~1 - Unstage your change:
git reset HEAD -- - Discard your change forever with dynamic selection:
git checkout -p -- <file>
Stash is very useful. For example, your will use it before/after (push/pop) merge/rebase action
- Push pending update on the stack:
git stash - Get back your update:
git stash pop - view content of your stash:
git stash show -p stash@\{0\}
Never rebase commits that were pushed remotely. Rebase can be used to improve your current patch set, or to fast-forward-merge after a fetch.
- The rebase command:
git rebase -i - Cancel it :
git rebase --abort - Resolve conflict:
git mergetool <file> - Continue rebase:
git rebase --continue
Please note that master is actually the default branch
- List branches:
git branch -v - Switch to another branch:
git checkout <branch> - Creates:
git branch <branch> - Delete branches:
git branch -d <branch> - Set the base reference of the branch (for rebase):
git branch --set-upstream-to=<remote> <branch_name>
- Deletes all stale remote-tracking branches under
<remote>:git remote prune <remote> - List merged branch (safe to delete):
git branch --merged
- Clone with submodule:
git clone --recursive -submodules - If already cloned:
git submodule update --init --recursive
Let's say you want to rebase your current branch topic-v1 to topic-v2 with new additions. Note: topic-v1 could also be master too.
- Go to current branch:
git checkout topic-v1 - Create a new one:
git branch topic-v2 - Go into the new branch:
git checkout topic-v2 - Set the reference:
git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/master topic-v2 - Rebase:
git rebase -i - ...
- Copy your repository if you're not confident with this kind of operation: cp -a
<repository><repository backup> - Do a rebase:
git rebase -i - Use edit on the commit that you want to split ... rebase on-going...
- Uncommit:
git reset --soft HEAD~1 - Unstage:
git reset HEAD --
At this stage of operation, you get all your changes in the local files, but nothing is ready to be committed.
Repeat the 2 next commands for each new commits that you want to create
- Stage your change with dynamic selection:
git add/rm -p <file> - Commit your change:
git commit
Once you have finished to split your commit:
- Finish the rebase:
git rebase --continue