docker-dcraw defines a Docker image that runs dcraw.
$ docker pull ayoburgess/dcrawA simple example with no arguments.
$ docker run --rm ayoburgess/dcrawRaw photo decoder "dcraw" v9.27
by Dave Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net
Usage: dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...
-v Print verbose messages
-c Write image data to standard output
-e Extract embedded thumbnail image
-i Identify files without decoding them
-i -v Identify files and show metadata
-z Change file dates to camera timestamp
-w Use camera white balance, if possible
-a Average the whole image for white balance
-A <x y w h> Average a grey box for white balance
-r <r g b g> Set custom white balance
+M/-M Use/don't use an embedded color matrix
-C <r b> Correct chromatic aberration
-P <file> Fix the dead pixels listed in this file
-K <file> Subtract dark frame (16-bit raw PGM)
-k <num> Set the darkness level
-S <num> Set the saturation level
-n <num> Set threshold for wavelet denoising
-H [0-9] Highlight mode (0=clip, 1=unclip, 2=blend, 3+=rebuild)
-t [0-7] Flip image (0=none, 3=180, 5=90CCW, 6=90CW)
-o [0-6] Output colorspace (raw,sRGB,Adobe,Wide,ProPhoto,XYZ,ACES)
-o <file> Apply output ICC profile from file
-p <file> Apply camera ICC profile from file or "embed"
-d Document mode (no color, no interpolation)
-D Document mode without scaling (totally raw)
-j Don't stretch or rotate raw pixels
-W Don't automatically brighten the image
-b <num> Adjust brightness (default = 1.0)
-g <p ts> Set custom gamma curve (default = 2.222 4.5)
-q [0-3] Set the interpolation quality
-h Half-size color image (twice as fast as "-q 0")
-f Interpolate RGGB as four colors
-m <num> Apply a 3x3 median filter to R-G and B-G
-s [0..N-1] Select one raw image or "all" from each file
-6 Write 16-bit instead of 8-bit
-4 Linear 16-bit, same as "-6 -W -g 1 1"
-T Write TIFF instead of PPM
A more complete example...
$ docker run --rm -v ~/camera_files:/mnt/media ayoburgess/dcraw -4 -T -w -q 3 -o 6 -H 0 /mnt/media/DSC_0400.NEF