Toolchain

A working up to date compiler and assembler for newlib and other 68xxx code can also be obtained here.

https://rosco-m68k.com/docs/toolchain-installation

Another working toolchain is available at:

https://github.com/SteveMoody73/m68k-elf-toolchain

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This folder contains the recipes for installing the complete toolchain from compiling, assembling, disassembling and binary manipulation to ROM flashing. The Makefile offers the following installation options:

Generic install configuration options

All install recipes allow overriding the binary install directory, but often this requires root rights. By default, programs are installed to ~/.local/ unless stated otherwise. This assumes that ~/.local/bin is in your PATH variable. Please make sure that this is the case, or none of the installed toolchain programs will function.

Using ~/.local makes the installation now portable: for example if your home folder is on a different partition. The install path can be configured to point somewhere else by prepending all make instructions below with INSTALL_DIR=/path/to/your/install/dir, unless stated otherwise.

Also, the make recipes use the default TMP dir to temporarily store retrieved source code files. This can also be overridden by prepending install commands with TMP=/path/to/your/tmp/dir

SREC

SREC is an easy to use tool useful for converting between assembled binaries and Motorola S-record files.

Installation

From this directory, run:

make srec-install

By default, the installation script installs to your ~/.local/ dir so that the entire installation can be run without root rights. You can install to a different dir by prepending the make command with INSTALL_DIR=/path/to/your/install/dir.

Uninstall

make srec-uninstall

Note that you have to specify the same install dir if you specified a custom INSTALL_DIR during installation.

SRecord

SRecord is (somewhat confusingly) a very elaborate set of tools useful for working with ROM files.

Installation

S-record need to install libboost and libtool for your OS. On Debian-like systems this amounts to

sudo apt-get install -y libboost-dev libtool-bin ghostscript

but on other distributions you will require, yum, dnf or whatever package manager is available on your system. Note that libtool-bin installs the required libtool executable, the one that the configure script for SRecord looks for. Oddly enough, this is executable is not in the libtool package, but in libtool-bin, at least not in recent Debian or Debian-derivative distributions. The ghostscript package is required for building the documentation.

From this directory, run:

make srecord-install

By default, the installation script installs to your ~/.local/ dir so that the entire installation can be run without root rights. You can install to a different dir by prepending the make command with INSTALL_DIR=/path/to/your/install/dir.

Uninstall

make srecord-uninstall

Usage

Once installed, you can call:

• srec2bin to convert an S-record file to a binary file. See srec2bin --help for more detailed instructions.
• bin2srec to convert a binary file to an S-record. See bin2srec --help for more detailed instructions.
• binsplit to split a binary into even and odd bit files, for example to split a combined binary file into an odd and an even ROM file to flash to even and odd ROM chips.

GCC cross-compiler

This tool is incredibly useful to write your own programs for the Motorola 68000 in more familiar languages (more familiar than Assembly, that is) such as C, C++, Objective-C or even Fortran if you like. There's an overview of supported languages from which you can choose your favorite. Note that most of these are untested for m68k targets though, and bear in mind that any garbage-collected language will come with a runtime that is almost guaranteed to exceed the memory limitations of the TS2 board. Your safest bet is on languages that aren't garbage-collected, such as C and C++, and even then the ROM limitations of the TS2 are comparable with an Arduino Uno.

Installation

From this directory, run:

make gcc-install

By default only C support (a 'front end' in GCC terms) is enabled in this install recipe, but you can override this setting by using the GCC_LANGUAGES variable:

GCC_LANGUAGES=c,c++ make gcc-install

By default, the installation script installs to your ~/.local/bin dir so that the entire installation can be run without root rights. You can install to a different bin dir by prepending the make command with INSTALL_DIR=/path/to/your/bin/dir.

Uninstall

make gcc-uninstall

Note that you have to specify the same install dir if you specified a custom INSTALL_DIR during installation.

Usage

Once installed, you can use m68k-elf-gcc to compile your own programs to run on m68k hardware! Compilation is done by specifying the target processor. See the Makefile in the c_example dir on how to use it.

Newlib

Newlib is a library that provides a C standard library where there is no operating system present that can provide such a library. Normally, you would compile programs on an OS like Linux that provides libc out of the box. However, the TS2 Tutor environment is nowhere near fully-fledged operating system. Newlib therefore provides vital functionality in minimal environments, such as the TS2.

Installation

make newlib-install

Note that make newlib-install requires a pre-installed gcc cross compiler (see instructions). By default, the installation script installs to your ~/.local/ dir so that the entire installation can be run without root rights. You can install to a different bin dir by prepending the make command with INSTALL_DIR=/path/to/your/install/dir.

Uninstall

make newlib-uninstall

Note that you have to specify the same install dir if you specified a custom INSTALL_DIR during installation.

Usage

Once installed, you can use libc-like standard library functions in your C programs:

• see their standard library documentation
• see their math library documentation

It's difficult to overstate the usefulness of these libraries. Now, you can do sines, cosines, powers, roots, quicksorts, random numbers and all the other goodness that comes with libc. For more usage instructions, see the newlib README

Assembler

Besides the GCC m68k-elf assembler m68k-elf-as there is also a stand-alone 68k assembler available in VASM. The benefit of having this assembler is that it is extremely compact to download, build and install.

Installation

make vasm-install

Uninstall

make vasm-uninstall

Usage

See instructions

Disassembler

The toolchain includes a disassembler written in Python.

Installation

make disasm-install

Uninstall

make disasm-uninstall

Usage

See instructions