CI: Add protobuf-compiler dependency for ubuntu #243

Job	Run time
Upload the source	2m 6s
macos (macos-12)	9m 23s
linux (opensuse/leap:latest, clang gcc11-c++, CC=clang CXX=clang++)	3m 24s
macos (macos-13)	2m 37s
linux (opensuse/tumbleweed, gcc gcc-c++)	3m 7s
macos (macos-14)	2m 7s
linux (opensuse/tumbleweed, clang, CC=clang CXX=clang++)	3m 10s
linux (archlinux:base, gcc)	3m 0s
linux (archlinux:base, clang, CC=clang CXX=clang++)	3m 9s
linux (ubuntu:24.04, gcc-10 g++-10, CC=gcc-10 CXX=g++-10)	2m 14s
linux (ubuntu:24.04, clang-15 libstdc++-10-dev, CC=clang-15 CXX=clang++-15)	2m 48s
linux (alpine, gcc, CC=gcc CXX=g++)	2m 54s
linux (fedora:latest, gcc gcc-g++)	2m 30s
linux (fedora:rawhide, gcc gcc-g++)	2m 20s
	44m 49s

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