MINECRAFT.MD

Bunch of notes and what not for Minecraft. All this is updated for Java Edition latest v1.19.3, but I've been playing on and off in the years since v1.5.2.

Index

Mobs
Cat
Horses, Donkeys, and Mules
Frog
Panda
Chicken
Ocelot
Dolphin
Axolotl
Bee
Mooshroom
Rabbit
Creeper
Zombie
Skeleton
Blaze
Magma Cube
Piglin
Hoglin
Witch
Items
Ore Depths and Biomes
Block Functions
Smelting & Fuel
Composting
Farming Methods
Crop Farming
Bone Meal Farm
Iron Farm
Zombie Villager Farm
Charged Creeper Farm
Blaze Rod Farm
Witch Farm
Gameplay
Quick Tips
Nether Survival
Biomes
Alchemy/Brewing
Enchanting
Villager Trades
Commands
Functional Setups
Buried Treasure Maps
Extras
Seed Mappers
Shortcuts
Bypass Launcher
Resource Packs
Mods

Mobs

Some info on specific mobs.

Cat

Spawns in Villages and Swamp Huts. Can be tamed with Raw Cod or Raw Salmon (same as [Ocelots]). They don't take fall damage from any height.

Horse, Donkey, and Mule

Horses and donkeys spawn on the surface in the wild. Mules do not spawn naturally. They must be bred by taming any Horse and Donkey, then feeding both a Golden Apple or Golden Carrot.

The rare skeleton variant can be ridden underwater and can be obtained by an incredibly rare chance on lightning striking any Horse. Or by finding and triggering a Trap Horse (only in Hard difficulty), killing Skeletons atop their skeleton Horses, and taming the skeleton Horses.

Frog

The rare green variant can be obtained by breeding two frogs by feeding them Slimeballs. After one Frog hops to water and lays its Frogspawn, wait a while for the Tadpoles to hatch from it. After they've hatched and are swimming around, catch one with an Empty Bucket and travel to some liquid Water in any cold/snowy biome. Place the Tadpole into the water. Beware, sometimes liquid Water in these biomes can freeze. After a while, it will mature into the green variant.

Panda

Can be found in Bamboo Jungle biomes. The rare brown variant can only be obtained by random mutation chance during breeding. Feed regular Pandas some Bamboo until they breed a brown Panda.

Chicken

Can be found in the Nether, as baby Zombified Piglin have a small chance to spawn in as a Chicken Jockey.

Ocelot

Spawns in Jungle biomes. Can be tamed with Raw Cod or Raw Salmon.

Dolphin

If fed Cod or Salmon, they will lead you to nearby treasure. When you break the Chest it led you to and feed it more Cod or Salmon, it'll lead you to the next nearby treasure.

Axolotl

Rare purple variant can only be found by an incredibly small chance of a gene mutation during breeding.

Bee

Bees can be farmed for Honey, Honeycomb and their respective blocks. They can be herded/bred by feeding them flowers.

Bee Nests are natural while Bee Hives are crafted. Both serve the same purpose. Nests have a small chance to generate on Oak and Birch trees when a Sapling grows into a mature Oak/Birch Tree with a flower within 2 blocks of the Sapling. Using Shears on a nest/hive gives up to 3 comb. Using a Glass Bottle gives one Honey Bottle (cures poison; can be crafted into 3 Sugar). A 2x2 of Honey Bottles crafts a Honey Block, while a 2x2 of Honeycomb crafts a Honeycomb Block.

To prevent bees from angering and swarming while harvesting, you have to smoke them out. This is best done by placing a Carpet or Trapdoor one block below the nest, then a smoke-producing block (usually a Campfire, but lit Netherrack or Soil Soil works) 2 blocks below the nest/hive. This blocks the flames from damaging the bees but lets the smoke rise freely, and the fire can remain there indefinitely. If the nest/hive is higher than the smoke will reach, place a Hay Bale under the Campfire.

Mooshroom

Only spawn in Mushroom Fields biomes (commonly referred to as "Mushroom Islands" as they're only found surrounded by Deep Ocean biomes).

Variant	Details
Red	The only mob which spawns in Mushroom Fields biomes.
Brown	Incredibly small chance for gene mutation during breeding. Variants swap when a Mooshroom is struck by lightning. The [Charged Creeper Farm] method works for this.

Rabbit

Found in the wild. Can be bred with Carrots, Golden Carrots, and Dandelions. Meat can be used as an ingredient for Rabbit Stew. The Rabbit Foot can be used in [potion brewing]

Creeper

Creepers explode when near the player. If it has a status boost when it explodes, a pool of that status effect, similar to the Lingering variant(s) of that effect, equivalent to the explosion radius will be created.
Creepers flee from Cats.

Variant	Details
Creeper	Standard mob variant.
Charged Creeper	Buffed explosion. Created when a Creeper is struck by lightning. Can be farmed: [Charged Creeper Farm]

Zombie

Variant	Details
Husk	Spawns only in Desert biomes. They do not burn in sunlight and their unarmed attacks don't inflict Hunger. Can be led to water and rehydrate into normal Zombie variants.
Zombie	Base mob variant.
Zombie Villager	Small chance to spawn at night. Spawns in Abandoned Villages, which themselves are very rare at a `0.02` chance of all Villages. They will not despawn unless you have traded with them, use a Nametag on them, or have given them an item. Can be cured and, as a result of such, offer discounts on trades. Can be exploited for permanent discounts on rare enchantments with [Zombie Villager Farm] method.
Drowned	Spawns in Oceans, Rivers, Dripstone Caves, or when Zombies drown. Usually attack through melee attacks, but may also come armed with Tridents which they throw. They are the only source of Tridents, and the only renewable source of Copper.

Skeleton

All skeletons have a 0.11 chance of being left-handed.

Variant	Details
Skeleton	Base mob variant.
Stray	Variant created when a Skeleton becomes trapped in Powder Snow.

Blaze

Spawns in Nether Fortress and are the only source of Blaze Rods.

Magma Cube

Spawns in the Nether. Behaves similarly to Slime, but is fireproof, jumps higher, and deals more damage.

Piglin

Variant	Details
Piglin	Base mob variant.
Zombified Piglin	a.k.a. the old Zombie Pigman

Hoglin

Variant	Details
Hoglin	Spawns only in Crimson Forest biomes.
Zoglin	a.k.a. "Zombified Hoglin". Spawns only when a Hoglin passes through a Nether Portal to the Overworld. Hostile to all mobs.

Witch

Spawns in Swamp Huts. Does not spawn in Mangrove Swamp. Loot:

Redstone Dust
Spider Eye
Glowstone Dust
Gunpowder
Sugar
Glass Bottle
Stick

Items

Some info on specific items.

Ore Depths and Biomes

Type	Common Biome(s)	Most Common Depth (Y)	Depths (Y) (From/To)	Blobs Per Chunk	Notes
Coal Ore	Stoney Peaks	- 95	136/320 0/190	30 20	No spawn chance cut from touching air.
Copper Ore	-	47	-16/112	6	Very common near water.
Redstone Ore	Deepslate	-50	-63/15 -63/-32	4 8	No spawn chance cut from touching air. Common at lower depths.
Iron Ore	Stoney Peaks Deepslate	255 15 -	128/320 24/54 -63/64	40 6 3	Common in Stoney Peaks.
Gold Ore	Badlands Mesa (Stone Layers)	-16 -	-64/32 32/256 (Badlands)	4 50 (Badlands)	Very common in Badlands and Mesa (stoney depths).
Nether Gold Ore	-	-	10-117	10 20 (Basalt Delta)	Blobs in patches all around the Nether.
Emerald Ore	High Mountains Stoney Peaks	256 6-7	-16/320	50	Common surface spawns. Deepslate Emerald Ore is quite rare, but most common at the surface, so for the Deepslate variant it's most common to be where Stone and Deepslate start to mix.
Diamond Ore	Deepslate	-58	14/-63	7 (1-4 Ores) 1 (1-12 Ores, Every 1/9 Chunk) 4 (1-8 Ores)	Low chance of blob spawn if touching air.
Ancient Debris (Netherite Ore)	Nether	14/15 -15	8/22 8/119	2 1	More common at lower depths. Important to strip mine chunk borders. [Reference.]

When ore hunting, bring plenty of Potion of Night Vision and Potion of Water Breathing. Those effects make ores so much easier to spot and mine, especially in underground rivers.
The Silk Touch enchantment generally fares better than Fortune III with tools. Not only can you carry more, most ore blocks yield slighty more product when smelted than if mined with Fortune III. In the case for Lapis Lazuli and Copper, mining with Fortune III yields a ton of product and will quickly fill up your inventory. Using a Pickaxe with Silk Touch not only gives you bonus product after smelting, but also frees up inventory space.

Tool/Armor Materials

Repair and disenchant by placing two of the same item into a Grindstone. The durability of the product is that of the two inputs combined along with 5% of the base item's maximum durability.
Repair by placing the item and its corresponding crafting material into an Anvil. The target (left slot) is repaired, adding the durability of the sacrifice (right slot) plus a bonus of 12% of the maximum durability of the item, up to the item's maximum durability. If the target is undamaged, there is no charge for repair, otherwise, the cost is 2 levels.

Item	Usage
Wood	Charcoal. Wooden tools. Base material for many crafted blocks.
Cobblestone	Stone tools. Crafted blocks are more resilient to explosions.
Iron	Wide array of crafting.
Gold	Golden Carrots/Apples. Golden tools are fastest, but have very low durability. Used in crafting Netherite Ingots.
Diamond	Used to craft Enchanting Table and diamond tools and armor which diminish slowest of all Overworld blocks.
Netherite	The best of the best for tools and armor. Requires crafting and placing a diamond version of the tool/armor into a Smithing Table along with a Netherite Ingot (crafted with `4` Gold Ingot + `4` Netherite Scrap) and Smithing Template.

Block Functions

Block	Unique Function
Furnace	Cooks food and smelts blocks at the standard rate. Can cook and smelt everything.
Blast Furnace	Smelts Blocks and Ores at `2.0x` rate. Cannot cook food or bake logs. Yields `0.5x` XP per smelt.
Smoker	Cooks food at `2.0x` rate. Cannot smelt blocks or bake logs. Yields `0.5x` XP per cook.Cartography Table
Brewing Stand	Enables [Alchemy/Brewing].
Enchanting Table	Enables [Enchanting].
Compass	Points to world spawn.
Lodestone	Changes `Compass` needle direction, given the Lodestone is in the same dimension. Right-click a regular Compass on a Lodestone to turn it into a glowing Lodestone Compass which points to the Lodestone it was paired with.

Smelting & Fuel

Furnace smelts and cooks everything at standard rates.
The other furnace types have specialized purposes. The Smoker only cooks food, and the Blast Furnace only smelts ores/metals/minerals. They do their job twice as fast as a regular Furnace, but fuel consumption speed is also doubled for both.
Campfire only cooks food, but can cook up to four items at a time. It is beaten by the Smoker in terms of overall efficiency, but its lack of need for fuel may be a large benefit. Unlike the three furnace types, items cannot be loaded into a Campfire from a Hopper, Dropper, or Dispenser.

Item	Burning Time
Lava Bucket	1000
Block of Coal	800
Dried Kelp Block	200
Blaze Rod	120
Coal Charcoal	80
Boat	60
Scaffolding	2.5
Bee Nest Bee Hive Block of Bamboo Log Planks Stairs Pressure Plate Trapdoor Fence Fence Gate Mangrove Roots Ladder Crafting Table Cartography Table Fletching Table Smithing Table Loom Bookshelf Lectern Composter Chest Barrel Daylight Detector Jukebox Note Block Banner Crossbow Bow Fishing Rod	15
Door Sign Wooden Sword Wooden Axe Wooden Pickaxe Wooden Shovel Wooden Hoe	10
Slab	7.5
Button Bowl Sapling Stick Azalea Wool	5
Carpet	3.35
Bamboo	2.5

Composting

Allows recycling of natural materials into Bone Meal. All eligible items have a chance to compost when placed into a Composter. When the level reaches 7, Bone Meal can be collected from it.
Composters can interact with Redstone. Loaded with items from the top, and Bone Meal pulled from below. The sides cannot be interacted with.

Composting Chance (%)	Items
30	Beetroot Seeds Dried Kelp Glow Berries Grass Hanging Roots Mangrove Roots Kelp Leaves Melon Seeds Moss Carpet Pumpkin Seeds Saplings Seagrass Small Dripleaf Sweet Berries Wheat Seeds
50	Cactus Dried Kelp Block Flowering Azalea Leaves Glow Lichen Melon Slice Nether Sprouts Sugar Cane Tall Grass Twisting Vines Vines Weeping Vines
65	Apple Azalea Beetroot Big Dripleaf Carrot Cocoa Beans Ferns Flowers Fungus Lily Pad Melon Moss Block Mushrooms Mushroom Stem Nether Wart Potato Pumpkins Roots Sea Pickle Shroomlight Spore Blossom Wheat
85	Baked Potato Bread Cookie Flowering Azalea Hay Bale Mushroom Blocks Nether Wart Block Warped Wart Block
100	Cake Pumpkin Pie

Farming Methods

Some info on farming stuff.

Crop Farming

A water source block will irrigate four blocks outwards.
Using a Hoe on Dirt will turn it into Farmland.
Crops will only grow if it is directly above a block of Farmland and at a light level of 9 or higher at the plant. This doesn't have to be sunlight, so Torches let crops grow at night or underground. The chunk the crop is in is receiving chunk ticks, which on Java Edition the chunk also has to be within 128 blocks of the nearest player.
Bees carrying pollen which fly over crops have a chance of advancing up to 10 plants by 1 growth stage after flying over them.
In single-player or in multiplayer with only one player nearby, crops do not grow faster while the player is sleeping. However, if torches are not being used, sleeping skips past the nights when the crops would not grow.
Wheat Seeds can be obtained by breaking Grass. Mature crops drop 1 Wheat and 1-4 Wheat Seeds.
Carrots and Potatoes are their own seed. Zombies have a 0.025 chance to drop either, and the chance is increased by 0.01 per level of Looting. Both crops drop 1-4 carrots/potatoes per mature plant. Potato crops have a 0.02 chance of dropping a useless Poisonous Potato.
Beetroot grows from Beetroot Seeds which can be found as chest loot. Mature crops drop 1 Beetroot and 1-4 Beetroot Seeds.
Nether Wart is planted in Soul Soil (from Soul Sand Valley in the Nether), grows at any light level, does not require Water, and is used for [Potion Brewing].
Red Mushrooms and Brown Mushrooms can be planted in Dirt, grow in light levels less than 13, and do not require Water. They can be grown at any light level only when planted in Mycelium, Podzol, or Crimson/Warped Nylium. They can be obtained by using Shears on a [Mooshroom] of the corresponding color.

Bone Meal Farm

Bone Meal is a very useful item to have when considering large crop, tree, and mushroom farming operations. Although it can be obtained as loot from Skeletons as well as breaking down Bone Blocks from Fossils (as well as in Soul Sand Valley biomes of the Nether), it can be obtained in mass quantities in the Overworld.

An early game method of obtaining Bone Meal is through [composting]. While single Composters can be used, a slightly more advanced method is bone meal shearing. It relies on Iron input as it uses up durability on Shears. The process works by composting the Flowers which came from placing Bone Meal on Grass:

Right-click a Grass Block using bone meal. The more space for grass, the better, as this generates more.
Shear all the grass and flowers which have just been generated.
Insert the compostable items into a composter farm of your choice.
Collect your Bone Meal. You regain your original bone meal almost every time (98%), and have a 92% chance of getting some additional layers in your Composter. You can probably get extra layers back, which eventually add up to the new bone meal.
Repeat this process.

Iron Farm

[Reference.]

Dig a 9x9x2 hole.
Dig out the center 3x3x32. Yes, it needs to be that deep.
Place Signs in a 3x3x1 grid at the third block up from the bottom.
Fill the 3x3x1 space above the signs with Lava Buckets.
Drop down to the bottom of the pit and fill the bottom 3x3x1 with Hoppers leading to a Chest just outside of the 3x3x1 area. This ensures all loot dropped by Golems is collected.
Dig away from the Chest about 20 blocks and place a Ladder. This will be your way of collecting what's in the Chest. If you know how to set up a Bubble Elevator, go for it.
From any corner block of water at the top of the pit, count 3 out and 3 to the side, then dig down 7 blocks.
Dig out a 5x3x3 hole OUTWARDS AKA FACING AWAY FROM THE CENTER PIT.
Place 3 Beds against the wall (feet towards the pit).
Place a Slab on the bottom half of each outside 2nd block up, then a Trapdoor on the top half of the middle space in the same block line.
Smuggle 3 Villagers into the compartment with Beds.
Place a Boat on the side opposite the Beds.
Lure a Zombie into the chamber until he get into the Boat. You can dig a basic staircase upwards and use Trapdoors over a 3 block high hole to trap one.
Place any non-spawnable block in bare spaces. Can be Slabs, Trapdoors, Torches etc. This prevents Golems from spawning down there.
Repeat steps 7 to 14 all three remaining sides.
Double check and make sure your Dirt Path surrounds the center pit by `` blocks on all sides. This is crucial because you want the Golems to spawn where they'll be dragged into the pit, and consequently into the Lava.

Zombie Villager Farm

[Villager Breeder + Zombifier]
[Villager Trading Hall]

All Librarian villagers have a chance to offer any Enchanted Book except for Soul Walker and Strafe Sneak. Yes, including Mending. To exploit these villager merchants, if they don't immediately offer a book you want, simply destroy their podium and replace it near them. They'll usually pick the occupation back up and have different offers. Repeat until you get offered a book with an enchantment you're looking for. Once you trade with any Villager merchant they will not despawn. Same goes for cured Zombie Villagers, which are especially valuable since they give a discount to the player for curing them. However, in either case, once the Villager is traded with their deals are locked in as well, so choose wisely.

Another strat uses an Enchantment Table, but requires a lot of spare XP: basically you just check the enchantment guesses and if nothing fits your suit, buy the cheapest enchantment, then use a *Stonecutter to remove the enchantment(s) and check the table's new enchantments. Repeat until desired enchantment(s) are obtained.

Witch Farm

Since Witches indefinitely spawn only in Swamp Huts, those are the only places they can be farmed. The basic run-down of a Witch farm is:

[Basic Witch Farm] [Witch Farm Using Blue Ice and Zoglins]

Find a Swamp Hut.
Place a 7x9 platform around the hut at the same Y level as the fence posts next to the front opening. This will become your middle platform. The 7x9 grid should line up with the size of the hut.
Place the same platform 3 blocks up (just above the roof of the hut). This will be your top platform and leaves a 2 block high space between it and the middle platform for Witches to spawn in.
Place a third platform 2 blocks below the middle platform. This is always at water level.
Destroy the hut.
Fill in the platforms.
Extend the shorter side of each platform by 1 block, giving you three 8x9 platforms. The extra row will not be spawnable, so you'll still have the 7x9 grid for Witches to spawn on.
Place and open Trapdoors on the blocks you just extended the platforms with. This will be part of the entity expelling.
Build up both sides of the Trapdoors.
Place blocks behind the Trapdoors (on the outer side of the platform).
Fill the space between the Trapdoors and blocks behind with Water.
Place Redstone Dust atop all three rows of blocks behind the Trapdoors.
Place blocks above the Trapdoors to cover and isolate the Water behind them.
Place blocks to build walls outside both edges of the 7x9 platforms. The side opposite the Trapdoors will be the drop zone.
Place blocks to build a roof 3 blocks above the top platform. (Witches only need a 2 block high space to spawn on.)
On the side opposite the Trapdoors, place blocks to isolate and clear out water in the 1x9 grid in front of the the bottom platform.
However you want to kill them is up to you. A lot of players use an Entity Cramming rig with 24 Minecarts, but isolating them in a small area above Hoppers (leading to a Chest) works the same as with any other mob. Not to mention after a short AFK you can use Looting to increase item yields.

Charged Creeper Farm

Drink a Potion of Invisibility.
Trap a Creeper in an impassable barrier made of Fence, Wall, or Trapdoor.
Top the barrier with Lightning Rods.
Wait until a Thunderstorm or change the weather via /weather thunder. Or you can use a Trident with Channeling to control a strike directly.

Blaze Rod Farm

Also works as a Blaze Powder Farm.

Find a Blaze Spawner.
Place Torches around all sides of the Blaze Spawner to prevent it from spawning any Blazes.
Clear all blocks around it and build a 10x10x10 cube of transparent blocks, i.e. Glass, with the base being 6 blocks below the spawner.
Dig a 2x2x1 hole out of the transparent blocks directly below the Blaze Spawner.
Dig further down a 4x4x4 hole below the base of the structure to act as the "killing area".
Place a Double Chest directly under the transparent blocks on the side you wish to enter from. Leave a 2 block space above the Double Chest for Trapdoors.
Fill the base of the 2x2 grid with 4 Hoppers.
Place a Slab atop each Hopper.
Place a Trapdoor on the bottom of the transparent block above the Double Chest and open them.
Place Trapdoors inside the first block down to the "killing area" and open them.
Place a Lava Source in each bottom corner of the structure.
Place a Slab on top of the Blaze Spawner.
Break all Torches on the Blaze Spawner.
Make an entry way to the Double Chest in your "killing area".
Go AFK for a few minutes to allow Blazes to spawn.
Killfarm away!

Large Tree Farm

Trees which have different growth variants, like Oak can be forced to grow enormous every time by creating a "brace" around the block above the Sapling. This is easiest done by:

Get to a decently flat area, 6x6 usually works.
Place two solid blocks (Dirt works) on top of each other.
Place a Slab or Trapdoor on the bottom half of the top block. Do this for all four sides.
Break both solid blocks (leaving the brace) and plant the Sapling inside the brace.
(OPTIONAL) Bone meal to speed up growth.

Podzol Farm

If you come across any Spruce Saplings, plant them in a 2x2 grid. Use Bone Meal to speed up growth. When they mature, they'll combine and form a 2x2 thick Giant Spruce and most soil around the tree will convert to Podzol.

Gameplay

Some info on gameplay.

Quick Tips

To negate fall damage, you can enter a Boat and row off of cliffs or perform the ol' trusty MLG trick of spamming RMB with Twisted Vines or a Water Bucket.
Using Trapdoors as a fence is actually more viable than actuall Fences and Fence Gates. A Trapdoor fence is essentially a one-way gate where mobs can enter but not exit.
Carrots and Beetroots aren't necessarily the best crops to farm. It's good to have them on hand, and most people farm them to breed Pigs, but Potatoes serve the same purpose but also act as a good food source for players. Crafting Golden Carrots yourself isn't a super viable route since most Farmer Villagers have good offers on Golden Carrots. And Beetroot Soup isn't super nutritious.
Leather Armor keeps you from freezing in snow. Leather Boots also act as snowshoes.
Powder Snow is easily distinguishable from regular Snow blocks because Powder Snow does not allow fraction blocks on top of it (i.e. "snow carpet").
Using a Shield comes in very handy for many players. They're relatively cheap to craft early on and prevent taking tons of damage. To use, just craft one, place it into your offhand slot (next to your armor), and hold RMB to pull up your shield when being attacked. They do have limited durability just like any other tool/armor, but can also be repaired and even enchanted with Unbreaking, Mending, etc.
You can trap hostile mobs (except for Spiders) in a Boat. This does not negate the explosion of Creepers.
You can get mob heads more easily by crafting Lightning Rods and placing them near Creepers during Thunderstorms. When lightning strikes near the Creeper, it becomes a Charged Creeper. (Alternatively, you can use a Trident with Channeling.) The first mob the Charged Creeper kills with its massive explosion will drop its head.
To kill Endermen ez, just place some blocks directly above your head at least 3 block out. Endermen cannot pass through 2 block high spaces, and thus cannot attack you.
To kill any Undead mob (Zombies, Skeletons, etc) with potions, use potions with Healing properties. They're undead, so effects are reversed.
Cooking food gives it better nutritional properties. To cook meats without a Furnace, you'll need a Flint and Steel (or Fire Charge) and a Sword (or Axe). Set mobs on fire by right clicking the block under them while holding your preferred firestarter, then attack them with your preferred weapon. As long as they're on fire when you kill them, cooked meat will drop rather than raw.
You can use an X-Ray Glitch to help locate underground structures.
Fossils and Diamond Fossils are unique structures localized to Desert, Swamp and Mangrove Swamp biomes.
Creepers will run away from Cats (tamed Ocelots).
Skeletons and Zombies will run away from Dogs (tamed Wolves).
You can cheese giant Oak Trees by planting an Oak Sapling, then placing any solid block 1 space above and 1 space to any side. The giant ones take a lot longer (or a lot more Bone Meal) to mature.
You can cheese giant Spruce Trees to get tons of Podzol by planting 4 Spruce Saplings in a 2x2 grid then either let them grow naturally or Bone Meal the hell out of them.
Fish bite more often when it's Raining. The Lure enchantment on a Fishing Rod adds the same effect in all weather.
Treasure loot from Fishing only spawns in 5x5x2 areas of water.
Dog armies are extremely useful, and almost cheating in a sense. If you're fortunate enough to find 2 Wolves, tame and breed them with any meat, raw or cooked, including Rotten Flesh. Continue feeding and breeding them until you have 10 adults. More adult Dogs only makes fighting mobs easier. Pet Dogs will attack any mob that attacks you or that you attack, including your own tamed Dogs.
Some soil blocks allow mushrooms to be planted and grow in any light level. These are Mycelium, Warped/Crimson Nylium, and Podzol. These can all be obtained directly with any tool enchanted with Silk Touch (preferably a Shovel). Nylium can be spread manually by placing Bone Meal on any Netherrack block directly next to a Nylium block. Podzol can be created spontaneously by cheesing a giant Spruce Tree (see above).
Logs, planks, etc, from Nether trees (Crimson Stem and Warped Stem) do not burn.

Nether Survival

To enter the Nether, you'll need at least 10 Obsidian. Place them in a 3x2 pattern (corners don't have to be filled) and light the inside of one Obsidian with Flint and Steel or a Fire Charge.
You can construct complex traversal systems for the Nether by building hubs and linking portals. [Reference.]
Wearing any piece of Gold Armor will make all Piglins passive to you. Opening any of their Chests negates this effect.
Zombified Piglins are passive until you injure one. In which case, all in a 48 block radius will gang up and attack you. They'll remain aggressive until they kill you. Sometimes, it's best to just let them kill you so they'll return to being passive.
For food, Hoglins drop Raw Pork Chops. To cook these, Furnaces can be crafted from Blackstone. To fuel the Furnace, you can use Coal from Wither Skeletons or simply bring a Bucket with you and harvest the plentiful Lava. You can also collect Brown Mushrooms and Red Mushrooms, as well as a few Nether logs (Crimson Stem or Warped Stem). Craft the logs into planks, make a crafting table, craft some bowls, and then craft Mushroom Stew with the Bowls and Mushrooms (one of each Brown and Red).
To avoid fire damage, especially the blue flames of Soul Fire which deal 2.0x damage than normal fire, you can brew and drink Potions of Fire Resistance. These Potions can also be obtained by trading with Piglins. Uniquely, Netherite Armor gives a small (but not limitless) boost to fire resistance. The ore to turn Diamond into Netherite is stupid rare, but well worth the work to find and mine.
To avoid getting lost, which is almost always fatal, the old screenshot trick works wonders. Walk next to your portal, press F3 to bring up the debug menu, then press F2 to screenshot. The coordinates listed are where your portal is, and you can always travel back there. For a more hands-on approach, a lot of players mark paths back to places with contrasting (usually non-natural) blocks, like Torches, Warped Planks, or Crimson Planks. These make paths a lot more obvious, as opposed to just placing some Crimson Planks atop Netherrack, both of which have similar colors and are thus less obvious. Lodestones are an expensive but very useful way of tracking back to important places like Nether Portals.
A Respawn Anchor acts as a Bed for the Nether. They're not cheap, but are super useful when doing a lot of Nether spelunking. They can be crafted using Crying Obsidian and Glowstone. You can get Crying Obsidian from trading with Piglins, and Glowstone grows on the ceilings of the Nether. To use one, craft and place it, then click RMB while holding Glowstone 1 to 4 times. Each anchor can hold four charges of Glowstone, and each charge is good for one respawn.

Biomes

Biome	Dimension	Unique Feature(s)
Nether Wastes	Nether	- Large amounts of exposed Nether Quartz Ore and Nether Gold Ore. - Large numbers of Piglins, Zombified Piglins, and Ghasts. Despite having less Piglins in general, it's best to make portal farms here because there's no Hoglins.
Soul Sand Valley	Nether	- Rare Skeletons and Ghasts. - Large amounts of Bone Blocks. - Nether Fortresses that spawn here have mob concentrations greater than normal.
Crimson Forest	Nether	- Only place Crimson Stem can be found. - More Piglins than any other biome. Hoglins spawn here.
Warped Forest	Nether	- Enderman is the only hostile mob that spawns here. Only place to find Warped Stem and Twisted Vines.
Basalt Deltas	Nether	- Large amounts of Basalt and Blackstone. Large number of Magma Cubes.

Alchemy/Brewing

Brewing potions requires a Brewing Stand. A full tree chart of potions can be found on the [Minecraft Fandom Wiki].

Ingredient	Effect/Purpose	Location(s)
Milk Bucket	Removes all effects.
Nether Wart	Base Awkward Potion.	Nether Fortress Bastion Remnant Soul Sand (Crop)
Blaze Powder	Fuel for Brewing Stand.	Blaze
Gunpowder	Turns potions into Splash variant.	Creeper Witch
Redstone Dust	Increases effect Duration.	Redstone Ore Witch Jungle Pyramid Woodland Mansion Ancient City
Glowstone Dust	Increases effect Potency.	Glowstone Witch
Fermented Spider Eye	Reverses potion's effect.	Spider Eye + Sugar + Brown Mushroom
Pufferfish	Water Breathing	Fishing
Golden Carrot	Night Vision	-

Enchanting

Enchantment	Max Level	Equipment	Effect(s)
Aqua Affinity	I	Helmets	Increases underwater mining speed.
Bane of Arthropods

Villager Trades

You can spawn a villager with a custom profession and trades:

Profession	Level	Type	Offers	Command
Mason	5	Swamp	3 Emerald + 2 Diamond = 1 Music Disc 16 Diamond = Neth. Chestplate (Prot4, Unbr3, Mend1)	`/summon villager ~ ~1 ~ {VillagerData:{profession:mason,level:5,type:swamp},CustomName:"\"Trader\"",Offers:{Recipes:[{buy:{id:emerald,Count:3},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:2},sell:{id:music_disc_chirp,Count:1,tag:{display:{Name:"\"Chirp\"",Lore:["\"Jazzy\""]}}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:diamond,Count:16},sell:{id:netherite_chestplate,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:protection,lvl:4},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:mending,lvl:1}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999}]}}`
Armorer	5	Swamp	`emerald_block` + 10 `gold_ingot` = `golden_helmet` `emerald_block` + 10 `diamond` = `diamond_helmet` `emerald_block` + 16 `diamond` = `diamond_chestplate` `emerald_block` + 14 `diamond` = `diamond_leggings`	`emerald_block` + 8 `diamond` = `diamond_boots` `emerald_block` + 4 `diamond` = `diamond_sword` `emerald_block` + `bow` = `bow`
Toolsmith	5	Swamp	`emerald_block` + 6 `diamond` = `diamond_axe` `emerald_block` + 6 `diamond` = `diamond_pickaxe` `emerald_block` + 4 `diamond` = `diamond_hoe` `emerald_block` + `elytra` = `elytra` `emerald_block` + `shield` = `shield` `emerald_block` + `shears` = `shears` `emerald_block` + `fishing_rod` = `fishing_rod`	summon villager ~ ~1 ~ {VillagerData:{profession:toolsmith,level:5,type:swamp},Offers:{Recipes:[{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:6},sell:{id:diamond_pickaxe,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},{id:silk_touch,lvl:1}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:6},sell:{id:diamond_pickaxe,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},{id:fortune,lvl:3}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:6},sell:{id:diamond_axe,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},{id:fortune,lvl:3}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:2},sell:{id:diamond_shovel,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},{id:fortune,lvl:3}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:6},sell:{id:diamond_hoe,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},{id:fortune,lvl:3}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:10},sell:{id:elytra,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:fishing_rod,Count:1},sell:{id:fishing_rod,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:lure,lvl:3},{id:luck_of_the_sea,lvl:3}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},buyB:{id:shears,Count:1},sell:{id:shears,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:mending,lvl:1},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:efficiency,lvl:5},]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999}]}}
Mason	5	Swamp	-	summon villager ~ ~1 ~ {VillagerData:{profession:mason,level:5,type:swamp},Offers:{Recipes:[{buy:{id:coal_block,Count:4},sell:{id:raw_copper_block,Count:1},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:copper_block,Count:4},sell:{id:redstone_block,Count:1},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:redstone_block,Count:4},sell:{id:iron_block,Count:1},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:iron_block,Count:4},sell:{id:gold_block,Count:1},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:gold_block,Count:4},sell:{id:emerald,Count:8},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:4},sell:{id:diamond_block,Count:1},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},]}}

Here's a template for a Villager spawn command:

summon villager ~ ~1 ~ {
    VillagerData:
    {
        profession:armorer,
        level:5,
        type:swamp
    },
    Offers:
    {
        Recipes:
        [
            {
                buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                buyB:{id:gold_ingot,Count:10},
                sell:{
                    id:golden_helmet,
                    Count:1,
                    tag:{
                        Enchantments:[
                            {id:mending,lvl:1},
                            {id:unbreaking,lvl:3},
                            {id:protection,lvl:4},
                            {id:thorns,lvl:3},
                            {id:respiration,lvl:3},
                            {id:aqua_affinity,lvl:1}
                        ]
                    }
                },
                rewardExp:0b,
                maxUses:9999999
            },
            {
                    buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                    buyB:{id:diamond,Count:10},
                    sell:{
                        id:diamond_helmet,
                        Count:1,
                        tag:{
                            Enchantments:[
                                {id:mending,lvl:1},
                                {id:unbreaking,lvl:3},
                                {id:protection,lvl:4},
                                {id:thorns,lvl:3},
                                {id:respiration,lvl:3}
                            ]
                        }
                    },
                    rewardExp:0b,
                    maxUses:9999999
                },
                {
                    buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                    buyB:{id:diamond,Count:16},
                    sell:{
                        id:diamond_chestplate,
                        Count:1,
                        tag:{
                            Enchantments:[
                                {id:mending,lvl:1},
                                {id:unbreaking,lvl:3},
                                {id:protection,lvl:4},
                                {id:thorns,lvl:3}
                            ]
                        }
                    },
                    rewardExp:0b,
                    maxUses:9999999
                },
                {
                    buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                    buyB:{id:diamond,Count:14},
                    sell:{
                        id:diamond_leggings,
                        Count:1,
                        tag:{
                            Enchantments:[
                                {id:mending,lvl:1},
                                {id:unbreaking,lvl:3},
                                {id:protection,lvl:4},
                                {id:thorns,lvl:3},
                                {id:swift_sneak,lvl:3}
                            ]
                        }
                    },
                    rewardExp:0b,
                    maxUses:9999999
                },
                {
                    buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                    buyB:{id:diamond,Count:8},
                    sell:{
                        id:diamond_boots,
                        Count:1,
                        tag:{
                            Enchantments:[
                                {id:mending,lvl:1},
                                {id:unbreaking,lvl:3},
                                {id:protection,lvl:4},
                                {id:thorns,lvl:3},
                                {id:feather_falling,lvl:4},
                                {id:depth_strider,lvl:3},
                                {id:soul_speed,lvl:3},
                            ]
                        }
                    },
                    rewardExp:0b,
                    maxUses:9999999
                },
                {
                    buy:{id:emerald_block,Count:1},
                    buyB:{id:shield,Count:1},
                    sell:{
                        id:shield,
                        Count:1,
                        tag:{
                            Enchantments:[
                                {id:mending,lvl:1},
                                {id:unbreaking,lvl:3}
                            ]
                        }
                    },
                    rewardExp:0b,
                    maxUses:9999999
                }
        ]
	}
}

Below are enchantment identifiers and levels:

Identifier	Max Level
`mending`	1
`unbreaking`	3
`protection`	4
`thorns`	3
`respiration`	3
`aqua_affinity`	1
`feather_falling`	4
`soul_speed`	3
`frost_walker`	2
`depth_strider`	3
`sharpness`	5
`knockback`	2
`fire_aspect`	2
`looting`	3
`sweeping_edge`	3
`efficiency`	5
`fortune`	3
`silk_touch`	1
`lure`	3
`luck_of_the_sea`	3
`power`	5
`punch`	2
`flame`	1

Commands

Commands need to be prefaced by a / when used in chat console. They do not need this when used from Command Blocks.

Command	Syntax	Details/Examples
clear	-	Clears player inventory.
gamerule	`gamerule <rule name> [<value>]`	Sets or queries a game rule value. `/gamerule doDaylightCycle true` `/gamerule doInsomnia true` `/gamerule doImmediateRespawn false` `/gamerule doWeatherCycle true` `/gamerule keepInventory false` `/gamerule mobGriefing true` `/gamerule randomTickSpeed 3` `/gamerule` `gamerule showCoordinates true`
give	`/give @s minecraft:command_block`	Gives specified player an item.
locate	`/locate structure <structure>` `/locate biome <biome>` `/locate poi <poi>`	Locate structures, biomes, or POIs.
playsound	`playsound`	Plays specified sound at given location. `/playsound minecraft:ambient.cave master @s ~ ~ ~`
seed	-	Displays world seed. You might need to enable cheats for this to work as intended.
setworldspawn	`/setworldspawn [<pos>] [<angle>]`	Sets world spawn.
spawnpoint	`/spawnpoint [<targets>] [<pos>] [<angle>]`	Sets player spawnpoint. Works in all dimensions.
summon	`summon <entity> [<pos>] [<nbt>]`	`/summon spider ~ ~ ~ {Passengers:[{id:"minecraft:skeleton",HandItems:[{id:"minecraft:bow",Count:1b}]}]}` `/summon villager ~ ~1 ~ {VillagerData:{profession:mason,level:5,type:swamp},CustomName:"\"Trader\"",Offers:{Recipes:[{buy:{id:emerald,Count:3},buyB:{id:diamond,Count:2},sell:{id:music_disc_chirp,Count:1,tag:{display:{Name:"\"Chirp\"",Lore:["\"Jazzy\""]}}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999},{buy:{id:diamond,Count:16},sell:{id:netherite_chestplate,Count:1,tag:{Enchantments:[{id:protection,lvl:4},{id:unbreaking,lvl:3},{id:mending,lvl:1}]}},rewardExp:0b,maxUses:9999999}]}}`
tp	`/tp @s <destination>`	Teleports to the given coordinates.
time	`/time add <time>` `/time query (daytime	gametime
weather	`/weather (clear	rain

Functional Setups

Functional stuff to build.

Thing	Items Needed	Setup
Redstone Inverter	Redstone Torch Any Solid Block	Place the Restone Torch on any side of any Solid Block. Leading any Redstone signal to the solid block will turn off the torch.
Redstone Clock	2 Observer	Place both Observers facing each other.
Semi-Auto Door	Door Button	Place any Button on a wall next to any Door.
Full-Auto Door	Door Pressure Plate	Place any Pressure Plate both in front of and behind any Door.
Hidden Door	Painting	Place any painting over a hole to hide an entrance way.
Bubble Elevator	Water Bucket Kelp Soul Sand	Place a water source at the top of any `1x1` column, then plant Kelp at the base. Break the Kelp, then place one block of Soul Sand at the base.
Crawl Forcer	Trapdoor or Piston	Place either of the two above a `2` block high space, close/extend it, and crawl into any `1` block high space. Crawl speed can be improved with the Swift Sneak enchantment.
Fast Travel	Nether Portal Boat Blue Ice	Each block traversed in the Nether is equal to `8` blocks of travel in the Overworld. You can exploit this to travel stupid long distances quickly. Dig a `2x3` flat tunnel of any length in the Nether, then place a block of Blue Ice on the corner of the entrance. (Blue Ice allows Boats to travel significantly faster than regular Ice and Compact Ice.) Progressively place another block of Blue Ice `2` blocks forward and `1` across to make a hopscotch-esque pattern. This works because the Boat can rest on these spaces between the Blue Ice. Spawnproofing these linked portal tunnel networks is as simple as placing Slabs atop the solid surfaces and Buttons atop the Blue Ice. The Slabs prevent entities from spawning atop solid blocks. The Buttons also prevent spawning, but also allow the Boat to glide across the Blue Ice. [Reference.]
Hidden Water Source	Stairs Water Bucket	Place any Stairs in a `1x3x1` pattern with the high side facing towards you. Waterlog (fill) the stairs with Water Buckets, then cover the Stairs with any solid block to hide any visible water.
Renewable Water + Lava Source	`1` Cauldron `1` Pointed Dripstone `1` Lava/Water Bucket	Dig a `1x1x4` hole. Place the Cauldron at the bottom. Place some solid block `2` blocks above the Cauldron. Place the Pointed Dripstone on the bottom of that solid block, then fill the top `1` block hole with Lava or Water. The lava/water will seep through the block, go down the Pointed Dripstone, and drip into the Cauldron. It takes a long time to drip fill a single Cauldron, so this is best done with multiple Cauldrons in a row. Bear in mind that lava/water will not seep through the block unless a Water Source is directly above it.
Renewable Water + Powder Snow Source	`1` Cauldron	Just place it outside. When it rains, it will fill with water over time.
Hidden Farmland Irrigation	Water Bucket Carpet/Slab/Leaves	You can keep a full water source block by covering the water sources with top Slabs Leaf Blocks, or Carpet.
Automatic Respawn Anchor	`2` Observer Blocks `1` Dispenser `1` Respawn Anchor Glowstone	This is a `1x4x1` layout. Place the Respawn Anchor, then a Dispenser next to and facing the Respawn Anchor, then an Observer next to but facing away from the Dispenser, then a second Observer next to and facing the first Observer (to make an "Observer Clock"). Fill the Dispenser with Glowstone blocks. As long as there is Glowstone in the Dispenser, your Respawn Anchor will always be fully charged.

Linking Nether Portals

Build a portal in overworld. Screenshot or write down coordinates of bottom left block.
Light and enter.
Divide overworld coordinates by 8. Round down if decimal < 0.5, round up if > 0.5. Check coordinates of same block in Nether. If they don't match, move portal in Nether to match and re-light.
Create new portal in Overworld. Do not light. Mark coordinates of it.
Enter old portal back to Nether.
Create new portal in Nether matching coordinates of overworld DIVIDED BY 8.
Light new portal in Nether. Do not enter.
Travel back to Overworld through original portal in Nether.
Light the new portal in Overworld.

Buried Treasure Maps

These can be found in wrecked Pirate Ship structures which generate in and under water. There's also a reliable way to always find the buried treasure:

Obtain a Buried Treasure Map.
Travel to where your player location blip is directly centered over the X.
Press F3 + G to show chunk borders.
Travel to the northwest corner of the current chunk you're in.
Travel south 10 blocks.
Travel east 10 blocks.
Dig straight down. If you don't immediately find the Chest after 10 or so blocks down, dig around the area as it's almost always guaranteed to be somewhere in a 4x4 block radius down below that area.

Extras

References and such.

Seed Mappers

These allow you to browse Minecraft worlds, block by block, by simply inserting the seed.

Tool	Details
ChunkBase	Online seed mapper.
Cubiomes Viewer	Offline seed mapper coded in C++ but usable with Java Edition seeds.

Shortcuts

Key(s)	Details
`F3`	Debug Menu
`F3` + `F4`	Cycle through game modes.
`F3` + `G`	Show chunk borders.
`F3` + `A`	Reload all chunks.
`F3` + `T`	Reload all textures, sounds, and web-loaded client resources.
`F3` + `H`	Toggle detailed item descriptions.
`F3` + `C`	Copies player coordinates and rotation as a `/tp` command.
`F3` + `C` >6 seconds	Trigger a manual debug crash.
`F3` + `B`	Show hitboxes.
`F3` + `D`	Clears chat, including past commands.

Bypass Launcher

Looking to run Minecraft without an internet connection? Or just need to bypass the launcher for any other reason? Here's how:

You'll need a launcher to get this set up, but once done you'll no longer need the launcher. This process must be completed for each version of Minecraft you want to run without the launcher. Yes, including Forge/Fabric versions.

The original method I found was devised with Batch. [Reference.]
Below is a method I've modified to work with VBScript to avoid having a CMD window present while playing. [Reference.]

Download Process Explorer. [Direct.] [Backup of v17.02]
Create a blank VBScript in your .minecraft directory. I just rename a blank text document as Minecraft.vbs, for example.
Right click the script, click Edit, and paste the following code into the script:

[GitHub Backup]

Dim objShell
Set objShell = WScript.CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" )
objShell.Run("javaw.exe" & " -args")
Set objShell = Nothing

Run the Minecraft Launcher and launch the exact version and configuration which you want to use. Yes, Forge, Fabric, etc make a difference. Those add a bunch more libraries to the command line.
Run Process Explorer and find the Minecraft process (it'll be a javaw.exe process).
Double-click on the process to view details and copy the command line used to run it. If you have two or more processes running through javaw.exe, it's gonna be the one with the longest command line.
Replace the javaw.exe within the quotes with the full application path of javaw.exe at the beginning of the command you copied from Process Explorer. Newer launcher versions will automatically download the latest JVM from Mojang. For example, mine is: C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\runtime\temurin-latest-windows-x64\bin\javaw.exe. If the path to your javaw.exe contains spaces, you need to triple quote the path (just to the executable, not the arguments), i.e.

objShell.Run("""C:\Program Files\Java\bin\javaw.exe""" & " -args")

Replace the -args in the second pair of quotes with all of the arguments. (The rest of the command you copied). Remember to keep that first space after the open quote to separate the executable path from the arguments.
With Minecraft still open, navigate to .minecraft\versions\1.19.3-forge-44.1.16 (or whatever version you want to add a launcher bypass for) and copy-paste or archive (in a .zip) the 1.19.3-forge-44.1.16-natives-2538478... folder. Those are all of the natives which that version needs to run properly. I usually just send them to a .7z archive and unzip them back with the same folder name after I close the game.
Close Minecraft and Process Explorer, then double click your new .vbs script file and see if everything works. If running the script does not boot up the game but the Minecraft Launcher does, you've either done something wrong with the command line in the script or somehow didn't give the script file access permissions for the directory you have Minecraft located in.
(OPTIONAL) If you want to have a fancy icon, just create a shortcut to the Batch script, right click the shortcut, and click Change Icon....

Your arguments line copied from Process Explorer will be very long (especially with Forge versions) so don't get flustered if your objShell.Run() function in the final script looks something like this:

Set objShell = WScript.CreateObject( "WScript.Shell" ) objShell.Run("C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\runtime\temurin-latest-windows-x64\bin\javaw.exe" & " -Xmx2G -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:G1NewSizePercent=20 -XX:G1ReservePercent=20 -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=50 -XX:G1HeapRegionSize=32M -XX:HeapDumpPath=MojangTricksIntelDriversForPerformance_javaw.exe_minecraft.exe.heapdump -Djava.library.path=C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\versions\1.19.3-forge-44.1.16\1.19.3-forge-44.1.16-natives-27449293142100 -Dminecraft.launcher.brand=java-minecraft-launcher -Dminecraft.launcher.version=unknown -cp C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\cpw\mods\securejarhandler\2.1.6\securejarhandler-2.1.6.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\ow2\asm\asm\9.3\asm-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\ow2\asm\asm-commons\9.3\asm-commons-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\ow2\asm\asm-tree\9.3\asm-tree-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\ow2\asm\asm-util\9.3\asm-util-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\ow2\asm\asm-analysis\9.3\asm-analysis-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\accesstransformers\8.0.4\accesstransformers-8.0.4.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\antlr\antlr4-runtime\4.9.1\antlr4-runtime-4.9.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\eventbus\6.0.3\eventbus-6.0.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\forgespi\6.0.0\forgespi-6.0.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\coremods\5.0.1\coremods-5.0.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\cpw\mods\modlauncher\10.0.8\modlauncher-10.0.8.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\unsafe\0.2.0\unsafe-0.2.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\electronwill\night-config\core\3.6.4\core-3.6.4.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\electronwill\night-config\toml\3.6.4\toml-3.6.4.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\maven\maven-artifact\3.8.5\maven-artifact-3.8.5.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\jodah\typetools\0.8.3\typetools-0.8.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecrell\terminalconsoleappender\1.2.0\terminalconsoleappender-1.2.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\jline\jline-reader\3.12.1\jline-reader-3.12.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\jline\jline-terminal\3.12.1\jline-terminal-3.12.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\spongepowered\mixin\0.8.5\mixin-0.8.5.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\openjdk\nashorn\nashorn-core\15.3\nashorn-core-15.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\JarJarSelector\0.3.19\JarJarSelector-0.3.19.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\JarJarMetadata\0.3.19\JarJarMetadata-0.3.19.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\cpw\mods\bootstraplauncher\1.1.2\bootstraplauncher-1.1.2.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\JarJarFileSystems\0.3.19\JarJarFileSystems-0.3.19.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\minecraftforge\fmlloader\1.19.3-44.1.16\fmlloader-1.19.3-44.1.16.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\github\oshi\oshi-core\6.2.2\oshi-core-6.2.2.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\google\code\gson\gson\2.10\gson-2.10.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\google\guava\failureaccess\1.0.1\failureaccess-1.0.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\google\guava\guava\31.1-jre\guava-31.1-jre.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\ibm\icu\icu4j\71.1\icu4j-71.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\authlib\3.16.29\authlib-3.16.29.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\blocklist\1.0.10\blocklist-1.0.10.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\brigadier\1.0.18\brigadier-1.0.18.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\datafixerupper\5.0.28\datafixerupper-5.0.28.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\javabridge\2.0.25\javabridge-2.0.25.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\logging\1.1.1\logging-1.1.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\com\mojang\text2speech\1.13.9\text2speech-1.13.9.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\commons-codec\commons-codec\1.15\commons-codec-1.15.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\commons-io\commons-io\2.11.0\commons-io-2.11.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\commons-logging\commons-logging\1.2\commons-logging-1.2.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-buffer\4.1.82.Final\netty-buffer-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-codec\4.1.82.Final\netty-codec-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-common\4.1.82.Final\netty-common-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-handler\4.1.82.Final\netty-handler-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-resolver\4.1.82.Final\netty-resolver-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-transport-classes-epoll\4.1.82.Final\netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-transport-native-unix-common\4.1.82.Final\netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\io\netty\netty-transport\4.1.82.Final\netty-transport-4.1.82.Final.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\it\unimi\dsi\fastutil\8.5.9\fastutil-8.5.9.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\java\dev\jna\jna-platform\5.12.1\jna-platform-5.12.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\java\dev\jna\jna\5.12.1\jna-5.12.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\net\sf\jopt-simple\jopt-simple\5.0.4\jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\commons\commons-compress\1.21\commons-compress-1.21.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\commons\commons-lang3\3.12.0\commons-lang3-3.12.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\httpcomponents\httpclient\4.5.13\httpclient-4.5.13.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\httpcomponents\httpcore\4.4.15\httpcore-4.4.15.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.19.0\log4j-api-2.19.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-core\2.19.0\log4j-core-2.19.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-slf4j2-impl\2.19.0\log4j-slf4j2-impl-2.19.0.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\joml\joml\1.10.5\joml-1.10.5.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-glfw\3.3.1\lwjgl-glfw-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-jemalloc\3.3.1\lwjgl-jemalloc-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-openal\3.3.1\lwjgl-openal-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-opengl\3.3.1\lwjgl-opengl-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-stb\3.3.1\lwjgl-stb-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl-tinyfd\3.3.1\lwjgl-tinyfd-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\lwjgl\lwjgl\3.3.1\lwjgl-3.3.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\2.0.1\slf4j-api-2.0.1.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\versions\1.19.3-forge-44.1.16\1.19.3-forge-44.1.16.jar -Djava.net.preferIPv6Addresses=system -DignoreList=bootstraplauncher,securejarhandler,asm-commons,asm-util,asm-analysis,asm-tree,asm,JarJarFileSystems,client-extra,fmlcore,javafmllanguage,lowcodelanguage,mclanguage,forge-,1.19.3-forge-44.1.16.jar -DmergeModules=jna-5.10.0.jar,jna-platform-5.10.0.jar -DlibraryDirectory=C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries -p C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/cpw/mods/bootstraplauncher/1.1.2/bootstraplauncher-1.1.2.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/cpw/mods/securejarhandler/2.1.6/securejarhandler-2.1.6.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/org/ow2/asm/asm-commons/9.3/asm-commons-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/org/ow2/asm/asm-util/9.3/asm-util-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/org/ow2/asm/asm-analysis/9.3/asm-analysis-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/org/ow2/asm/asm-tree/9.3/asm-tree-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/org/ow2/asm/asm/9.3/asm-9.3.jar;C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\libraries/net/minecraftforge/JarJarFileSystems/0.3.19/JarJarFileSystems-0.3.19.jar --add-modules ALL-MODULE-PATH --add-opens java.base/java.util.jar=cpw.mods.securejarhandler --add-opens java.base/java.lang.invoke=cpw.mods.securejarhandler --add-exports java.base/sun.security.util=cpw.mods.securejarhandler --add-exports jdk.naming.dns/com.sun.jndi.dns=java.naming cpw.mods.bootstraplauncher.BootstrapLauncher --username Admin --version 1.19.3-forge-44.1.16 --gameDir C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft --assetsDir C:\Users\Admin\AppData\Roaming\.minecraft\assets --assetIndex 2 --uuid bunchOfRandomChars --accessToken bunchOfRandomNumbers --clientId ${clientid} --xuid ${auth_xuid} --userType legacy --versionType release --launchTarget forgeclient --fml.forgeVersion 44.1.16 --fml.mcVersion 1.19.3 --fml.forgeGroup net.minecraftforge --fml.mcpVersion 20221207.122022")

Creating Resource Packs

Resource packs may use either TOML or JSON depending on the version of Minecraft it was made for. You can usually use a converter seamlessly between languages. [TOML-JSON Converter on GitHub]

The pack_format variable defines the version(s) of Minecraft some packs are compatible with. [Reference.] The idenfitier digits change between Resource Packs and Data Packs.

The description field is the text that will be shown in the Resource Packs menu. Using a section character § (typed as \u00a7 in JSON code) allows formatting.

pack_format	Minecraft Version(s) (Resource Packs)	Minecraft Version(s) (Data Packs)
1	1.6.1–1.8.9	-
2	1.9–1.10.2	-
3	1.11–1.12.2	-
4	1.13–1.14.4	1.13-1.14.4
5	1.15–1.16.1	1.15-1.16.1
6	1.16.2–1.16.5	1.16.2-1.16.5
7	1.17.x	1.17-1.17.1
8	1.18.x	1.18-1.18.1
9	1.19-1.19.2	1.18.2
10	-	1.19-1.19.3
11	22w42a-22w44a	1.19.4
12	1.19.3-1.19.4	-

To change your player skin (locally) via resource pack:

Copy and paste your Minecraft version's .jar file into the resourcepacks folder.
Change its extension to .zip.
Open the Minecraft version's .jar file with an archiving tool like 7-Zip.
Delete all files and folders except the assets folder.
Navigate to assets\minecraft\textures\entity\player. You can delete any other files/folders in any of these subdirectories.
The wide folder uses classic skins with 4px arms. The slim folder uses sleek skins with 3px arms.
Extract any player skin you want to mod and replace it with the same file name and extension.
(OPTIONAL) To change the pack icon, just add a pack.png image as long as its size is a power of 2. A 64x64 icon will work, for example.
Start up Minecraft and load up your resource pack.

Mods

Some personal recommendations. All of these are Forge-oriented. Don't be hipster for Fabric. Forge has worked just fine all these years.

Mod	Details
VanillaTweaks	Changes and improvements to Vanilla Minecraft.
Forge	Base modding toolkit since v1.4. Comes packaged as a Java installer, but it's streamlined and straighforward.
WorldEdit	In-game map editor.
JEI	Item and recipe viewing mod. Built from the ground up for stability and performance.
Sound Physics Remastered	Provides realistic sound attenuation, reverberation, and absorption through blocks.
JourneyMap	Client+server mod for Forge or Fabric and Quilt which maps your Minecraft world in real-time as you explore. You can view the map in a web browser or in-game as a Minimap or full-screen.
Xaero's Minimap and Xaero's World Map	Efficient minimap and top-down view overworld maps with vanilla aesthetics.
Climb Ladders Fast	Very simple and efficient mod to climb ladders faster. Also works with vines.
Advanced Finders	Craftable metal, mineral, and gem finders with durability.

And here's some of my own goofing around:

Mod	Details
iDubbbz Cave Scream	Added echoing scream as `cave2.ogg` from this YouTube video.
Enderman Skin	Enderman skin for all players. 3px arms.
Kakashi Skin	Kakashi Hatake skin for all players. 4px arms.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 3 Commits
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md

License

subvod/mc-stuff

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